Mutation of Arabidopsis Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase Gene Alters Polyamines, Reduces Gibberellin Content and Affects Development.

Polyamines (PAs) are essential metabolites in plants performing multiple functions during growth and development. Copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) catalyse the catabolism of PAs and in are encoded by a gene family. Two mutants of one gene family member, , showed delayed seed germination, leaf emergence, and flowering time. The height of the primary inflorescence shoot was reduced, and developmental leaf senescence was delayed. Siliques were significantly longer in mutant lines and contained more seeds. The phenotype of over-expressors was less affected. Before flowering, there was a significant increase in putrescine in mutant leaves compared to wild type (WT), while after flowering both spermidine and spermine concentrations were significantly higher than in WT leaves. The expression of GA (gibberellic acid) biosynthetic genes was repressed and the content of GA, GA, GA, GA, and GA was reduced in the mutants. The inhibitor of copper-containing amine oxidases, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, mimicked the effect of mutation on WT seed germination. Delayed germination, reduced shoot height, and delayed flowering in the mutants were rescued by GA treatment. These data strongly suggest is an important gene regulating PA homeostasis, and that a perturbation of PAs affects plant development through a reduction in GA biosynthesis.