美国农民的职业性农药使用与自我报告的嗅觉障碍
Occupational pesticide use and self-reported olfactory impairment in US farmers.
作者信息
Shrestha Srishti, Umbach David M, Beane Freeman Laura E, Koutros Stella, Alavanja Michael C R, Blair Aaron, Chen Honglei, Sandler Dale P
机构信息
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
出版信息
Occup Environ Med. 2020 Oct 23. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106818.
OBJECTIVES
Pesticide exposure may impair human olfaction, but empirical evidence is limited. We examined associations between occupational use of 50 specific pesticides and olfactory impairment, both self-reported, among 20 409 participants in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of pesticide applicators (mostly farmers, 97% male).
METHODS
We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between pesticide use at enrolment (1993-1997) and olfactory impairment reported two decades later (2013-2016), adjusting for baseline covariates.
RESULTS
About 10% of participants reported olfactory impairment. The overall cumulative days of any pesticide use at enrolment were associated with a higher odds of reporting olfactory impairment (OR (highest vs lowest quartile): 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.34), p-trend = 0.003). In the analyses of 50 specific pesticides, ever-use of 20 pesticides showed modest associations with olfactory impairment, with ORs ranging from 1.11 to 1.33. Of these, higher lifetime days of use of 12 pesticides were associated with higher odds of olfactory impairment compared with never use (p-trend ≤ 0.05), including two organochlorine insecticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and lindane), two organophosphate insecticides (diazinon and malathion), permethrin, the fungicide captan and six herbicides (glyphosate, petroleum distillates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and metribuzin), although many of these did not exhibit clear, monotonic exposure-response patterns.
CONCLUSION
Overall, we found relatively broad associations between pesticides and olfactory impairment, involving many individual pesticides and covering several chemical classes, suggesting that pesticides could affect olfaction through multiple pathways. Future epidemiological studies with objective measurement of olfaction are required to confirm these findings.
目的
接触农药可能会损害人类嗅觉，但实证证据有限。我们在农业健康研究的20409名参与者中，研究了50种特定农药的职业使用与嗅觉损害之间的关联，两者均为自我报告。该研究是一个农药施用者（主要是农民，97%为男性）的前瞻性队列研究。
方法
我们使用逻辑回归模型来估计入组时（1993 - 1997年）的农药使用与二十年后（2013 - 2016年）报告的嗅觉损害之间关联的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），并对基线协变量进行了调整。
结果
约10%的参与者报告有嗅觉损害。入组时任何农药使用的总累积天数与报告嗅觉损害的较高几率相关（OR（最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比）：1.17（95%CI：1.02至1.34），p趋势 = 0.003）。在对50种特定农药的分析中，曾使用20种农药与嗅觉损害有适度关联，OR值范围为1.11至1.33。其中，与从未使用相比，12种农药的较高终身使用天数与嗅觉损害几率较高相关（p趋势≤0.05），包括两种有机氯杀虫剂（滴滴涕和林丹）、两种有机磷杀虫剂（二嗪农和马拉硫磷）、氯菊酯、杀菌剂克菌丹以及六种除草剂（草甘膦、石油馏出物、2,4 - 二氯苯氧乙酸、2,4,5 - 三氯苯氧乙酸和嗪草酮），尽管其中许多并未呈现出清晰、单调的暴露 - 反应模式。
结论
总体而言，我们发现农药与嗅觉损害之间存在较为广泛的关联，涉及多种单一农药且涵盖多个化学类别，这表明农药可能通过多种途径影响嗅觉。未来需要进行嗅觉客观测量的流行病学研究来证实这些发现。
Zotero 插件