Cantle S J, Kaufmann P, Luckhardt M, Schweikhart G
Anatomical Institute, University of Hamburg, FR Germany.
Placenta. 1987 May-Jun;8(3):221-34. doi: 10.1016/0143-4004(87)90046-4.
Human placental villi from normal and pathological material from the eighth to the 40th week of gestation were examined by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Trophoblastic specializations--such as syncytial sprouts of early and late pregnancy, syncytial knots and syncytial bridges--were classified into proliferative and degenerative processes or artefacts caused by tangential sectioning. In early pregnancy and in diabetes mellitus most syncytial sprouts represent the initial phases in the development of villi. In late pregnancy, in particular in pre-eclampsia, most syncytial knots, sprouts and bridges are histological artefacts, caused by tangential sectioning of the trophoblastic surface. The chance of producing such artefacts is increased with increasing section thickness and with increasing branching and tortuosity of the villi. However, a small proportion of the syncytial knots, sprouts and bridges in the last-trimester placenta, those containing coarse pyknotic nuclei, are trophoblastic specializations of a probably degenerative character.
采用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对妊娠第8周至第40周正常和病理胎盘的人绒毛进行了检查。滋养层特化结构，如早孕期和晚孕期的合体滋养层芽、合体滋养层结和合体滋养层桥，被分类为增殖和退变过程或由切线切片导致的假象。在早孕期和糖尿病患者中，大多数合体滋养层芽代表绒毛发育的初始阶段。在晚孕期，特别是子痫前期，大多数合体滋养层结、芽和桥是由滋养层表面切线切片导致的组织学假象。随着切片厚度增加以及绒毛分支和迂曲度增加，产生此类假象的几率也会增加。然而，孕晚期胎盘中一小部分含有粗大固缩核的合体滋养层结、芽和桥是可能具有退变特征的滋养层特化结构。
