Arora Nitin, Sadovsky Yoel, Dermody Terence S, Coyne Carolyn B
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2017 May 10;21(5):561-567. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.007.
Congenital infections with pathogens such as Zika virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, Treponema pallidium, parvovirus, HIV, varicella zoster virus, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpesviruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the devastating impact of microbial infections on the developing fetus, relatively little is known about how pathogens associated with congenital disease breach the placental barrier to transit vertically during human pregnancy. In this Review, we focus on transplacental transmission of pathogens during human gestation. We introduce the structure of the human placenta and describe the innate mechanisms by which the placenta restricts microbial access to the intrauterine compartment. Based on current knowledge, we also discuss the potential pathways employed by microorganisms to overcome the placental barrier and prospects for the future.
由寨卡病毒、弓形虫、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、梅毒螺旋体、细小病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒和疱疹病毒等病原体引起的先天性感染是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。尽管微生物感染对发育中的胎儿具有毁灭性影响，但对于与先天性疾病相关的病原体如何在人类妊娠期间突破胎盘屏障进行垂直传播，人们了解得相对较少。在本综述中，我们重点关注人类妊娠期间病原体的胎盘传播。我们介绍了人类胎盘的结构，并描述了胎盘限制微生物进入子宫内环境的固有机制。基于目前的知识，我们还讨论了微生物克服胎盘屏障所采用的潜在途径以及未来的前景。
