Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2021 Jan;80(1):55-73. doi: 10.1007/s00244-020-00771-6. Epub 2020 Oct 25.
Groundwater contamination in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain has reportedly been affected by various factors, such as mineral dissolution, overexploitation, precipitation, and ion exchange. This study was designed to interpret the hydrochemical fluctuations in the groundwater sources of a rural area in Raebareli district. Groundwater is slightly alkaline and affected by the issues of fluoride, salinity, hardness, and nitrate. The Pollution Index of Groundwater significantly categorize 57% and 79% of the samples under the "insignificant pollution" category during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The Health risk assessment indicated the high susceptibility of children toward health risks. It also indicated that fluoride had greater impact than nitrate in the study area. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural practices, including excessive fertilizer application and improper domestic and cattle waste management, are probable causes of groundwater contamination through NO, Cl, Na, and K. Furthermore, the base exchange index classified 71.43% samples in pre-monsoon and 78.57% in post-monsoon as Na-HCO type. The meteoric genesis index suggested that 78.57% and 85.71% of the samples belong to shallow meteoric water percolation type during pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The Piper plots revealed that HCO-Ca·Mg and SO·Cl-Na + K type are the prominent facies in the area, with dominance of alkalis and weak acids. According to Gibbs plot, majority of the samples fall under "rock dominance" suggesting that "rock-water" interaction was the dominant natural process controlling the groundwater chemistry.
据报道，印度恒河平原冲积层中的地下水受到多种因素的影响，如矿物溶解、过度开采、降水和离子交换。本研究旨在解释勒布勒利地区农村地区地下水水源的水化学波动。地下水呈弱碱性，受到氟化物、盐度、硬度和硝酸盐等问题的影响。地下水污染指数在旱季和雨季分别将 57%和 79%的样本归类为“无显著污染”类别。健康风险评估表明，儿童对健康风险的敏感性很高。它还表明，在研究区域中，氟化物的影响大于硝酸盐。多元统计分析表明，农业活动等人为活动，如过度施肥和不当的家庭和牛只废物管理，可能是导致地下水受到 NO、Cl、Na 和 K 污染的原因。此外，基交换指数将旱季的 71.43%和雨季的 78.57%的样本归类为 Na-HCO 型。大气成因指数表明，旱季和雨季分别有 78.57%和 85.71%的样本属于浅层大气水渗透类型。Piper 图显示，HCO-Ca·Mg 和 SO·Cl-Na + K 型是该地区的主要相，碱度占优势，酸度较弱。根据 Gibbs 图，大多数样本属于“岩石主导”，表明“岩石-水”相互作用是控制地下水化学的主要自然过程。
