Rababa Mohammad, Alhawatmeh Hossam, Al Ali Nahla, Kassab Manal
Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology/School of Nursing, P O Box 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan.
Department of Community and Psychiatric Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Cognit Ther Res. 2021;45(2):355-366. doi: 10.1007/s10608-020-10167-4. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques are well known for targeting psychological distresses, to date, no study has investigated their effectiveness in relieving death anxiety and ageism among nurses.
A parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted according to the CONSORT guidelines during October 2019 at the university hospital. A total of 110 nurses were selected through proportional stratified sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The intervention consisted of six two-hour training sessions delivered over five modules with the integration of different CBT exercises. The effect of CBT was assessed by measuring the differences in the students' responses to a series of validated questionnaires of study variables pre-test (before the training sessions) and post-test (after the training sessions). Clinical registration was completed at ClinicalTrial.gov (ID: NCT04319393).
Overall, using CBT techniques led to significant improvements in the study outcomes. At postintervention, the nurses who had received CBT training had significantly better self-esteem and interpersonal relationships, a greater sense of symbolic immortality, and less death anxiety and ageism than the nurses in the control group.
CBT is an effective evidence-based psychological intervention for relieving nurses' ageism towards older adults. The psychological well-being of nurses caring for older adults is crucial, and new techniques should be adopted to relieve nurses' accumulated stress and decrease their death anxiety. Future studies which investigate the effectiveness of CBT on other forms of discrimination, such as racism and sexism in healthcare settings, are recommended.
尽管认知行为疗法（CBT）技术以针对心理困扰而闻名，但迄今为止，尚无研究调查其在缓解护士的死亡焦虑和年龄歧视方面的有效性。
2019年10月在大学医院按照CONSORT指南进行了一项平行随机对照试验。通过比例分层抽样共选取了110名护士，并随机分配到实验组和对照组。干预措施包括五个模块的六次两小时培训课程，融入了不同的CBT练习。通过测量学生在预测试（培训课程前）和后测试（培训课程后）对一系列经过验证的研究变量问卷的回答差异来评估CBT的效果。在ClinicalTrial.gov（ID：NCT04319393）上完成了临床注册。
总体而言，使用CBT技术使研究结果有了显著改善。干预后，接受CBT培训的护士比对照组护士有显著更好的自尊和人际关系、更强的象征性不朽感，以及更少的死亡焦虑和年龄歧视。
CBT是一种有效的循证心理干预措施，可缓解护士对老年人的年龄歧视。照顾老年人的护士的心理健康至关重要，应采用新技术来缓解护士积累的压力并降低他们的死亡焦虑。建议未来开展研究，调查CBT在医疗环境中对其他形式歧视（如种族主义和性别歧视）的有效性。
