Mahmoodi Korosh, West Bruce J, Grigolini Paolo
Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Office of the Director, Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States.
Front Physiol. 2020 Sep 30;11:563068. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.563068. eCollection 2020.
A recent experiment proves the therapeutic effect of arm-in-arm walking, showing that if an aged participant walks in close synchrony with a young companion, the complexity matching effect results in the restoration of complexity in the former. A clear manifestation of complexity restoration is a perfect synchronization. The authors of this interesting experiment leave open two important problems. The first is the measure of complexity that is interpreted as a degree of multifractality. The second problem is the lack of a theoretical derivation of synchronization, which is experimentally observed with no theoretical derivation. The main goal of this paper is to establish a physiological foundation of these important results based on the recent advances on the dynamics of the brain, interpreted as a system at criticality. Criticality is a phenomenon requiring the cooperative interaction of units, the neurons of the brain, and is hypothesized as the main source of cognition. Using the criticality-induced intelligence, we define complexity as a property of crucial events, a form of temporal complexity, and we prove that the perfect synchronization is due to the interaction between the two systems, with the more complex system restoring the temporal complexity of the less complex system. The phenomenon of temporal complexity is characterized by ergodicity breaking that has made it difficult in the past to derive the perfect synchronization generated by complexity matching. For this reason, we supplement the main result of this paper with a comparison between complexity matching and complexity management.
最近的一项实验证明了挽臂行走的治疗效果，表明如果老年参与者与年轻同伴紧密同步行走，复杂性匹配效应会使前者的复杂性得以恢复。复杂性恢复的一个明显表现是完美同步。这项有趣实验的作者留下了两个重要问题。第一个是被解释为多重分形程度的复杂性度量。第二个问题是缺乏同步的理论推导，同步是通过实验观察到的，但没有理论推导。本文的主要目标是基于大脑动力学的最新进展，将大脑解释为处于临界状态的系统，为这些重要结果建立生理基础。临界性是一种需要大脑神经元等单元进行协同相互作用的现象，并且被假设为认知的主要来源。利用临界性诱导的智能，我们将复杂性定义为关键事件的一种属性，一种时间复杂性的形式，并且我们证明完美同步是由于两个系统之间的相互作用，更复杂的系统恢复了较不复杂系统的时间复杂性。时间复杂性现象的特征是遍历性破坏，这使得过去难以推导由复杂性匹配产生的完美同步。出于这个原因，我们通过复杂性匹配与复杂性管理之间的比较来补充本文的主要结果。
