Huang Ziyan, Endo Kaori, Yamasaki Syudo, Fujikawa Shinya, Ando Shuntaro, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko, Kasai Kiyoto, Nishida Atsushi, Koike Shinsuke
Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 3;11:574182. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574182. eCollection 2020.
Bi-directional relationships between various environmental factors and psychological symptoms can be seen from childhood to adolescence; however, there has been little prospective cohort study, which investigated the relationships simultaneously. In this study, we first distinguished specific psychological symptoms from general psychopathology using bifactor modeling and then tested the relationships between psychological symptoms and environmental factors from childhood to early adolescence using a structural equation model (SEM).
The analyses were based on Tokyo TEEN Cohort (TTC) data collected between October 2012 and March 2016. We obtained self-reported psychological symptoms and environmental factors from both parents and children (at their ages of 10 and 12). Participants were 3,171 children aged 10 [girls = 1,487 (46.9%), mean age, SD = 10.2, 0.28] and subsequently 12 (N = 3,007, follow-up rate 94.8%, mean age, SD = 12.2, 0.31) from three municipalities in Tokyo area.
The best-fit symptom models included four unique factors and general psychopathology as the common factor. Combining the good fit bifactor model and the SEM, positive relationships between symptoms and environmental factors at the same waves and some bi-directional relationships were found. Especially, general psychopathology at age 10 was associated with bullying at age 12 and parental depressive symptoms at age 10 with general psychopathology at age 12. However, some negative relationships such as bullying/bullied involvement and later psychological symptoms were also seen.
By using the newly introduced methodology, our results were partly consistent with previous literature. Further studies are needed to validate this methodology and accelerate the findings regarding the emergence of psychological symptoms and the impact of environmental factors from childhood to early adolescence.
从童年到青春期，可以看到各种环境因素与心理症状之间的双向关系；然而，很少有前瞻性队列研究同时调查这些关系。在本研究中，我们首先使用双因素模型从一般精神病理学中区分出特定的心理症状，然后使用结构方程模型（SEM）测试从童年到青春期早期心理症状与环境因素之间的关系。
分析基于2012年10月至2016年3月收集的东京青少年队列（TTC）数据。我们从父母和孩子（10岁和12岁时）那里获得了自我报告的心理症状和环境因素。参与者为来自东京地区三个市的3171名10岁儿童[女孩 = 1487名（46.9%），平均年龄，标准差 = 10.2，0.28]，随后是12岁儿童（N = 3007，随访率94.8%，平均年龄，标准差 = 12.2，0.31）。
最佳拟合症状模型包括四个独特因素和作为共同因素的一般精神病理学。将良好拟合的双因素模型与SEM相结合，发现了同一时期症状与环境因素之间的正相关关系以及一些双向关系。特别是，10岁时的一般精神病理学与12岁时的欺凌行为相关，10岁时父母的抑郁症状与12岁时的一般精神病理学相关。然而，也观察到一些负面关系，如欺凌/被欺凌经历与后期心理症状之间的关系。
通过使用新引入的方法，我们的结果部分与先前的文献一致。需要进一步的研究来验证这种方法，并加快关于从童年到青春期早期心理症状的出现以及环境因素影响的研究结果。
