Wasserman Jessica S, Polack Cody W, Casado Crystal, Brune Maïte, El Haj Mohamad, Miller Ralph R
State University of New York at Binghamton (USA).
Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille (France).
J Cogn Psychol (Hove). 2020;32(7):598-614. doi: 10.1080/20445911.2020.1809433. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
Memory for an event is influenced by many factors including retention interval, frequency of assessment, and type of information assessed concerning the event. We examined the usefulness of observer memory for contextual information in assessing accuracy of memory for central information. Participants viewed a video of a purse being stolen and were asked questions concerning the perpetrator and surrounding context of the event, including where and when the event occurred and who else was present. Participants tested immediately after seeing the video exhibited better memory than those tested for the first time 48-hour after the event. Additionally, testing immediately after viewing the video reduced forgetting over the 48-hour delay (i.e., early testing attenuated subsequent forgetting). Moreover, memory for the context of the event correlated positively with memory of the central information (i.e., perpetrator), and memory concerning other people at the event tended to have the highest correlation with perpetrator memory.
对某一事件的记忆受多种因素影响，包括保持间隔、评估频率以及针对该事件所评估信息的类型。我们研究了观察者对情境信息的记忆在评估核心信息记忆准确性方面的作用。参与者观看了一段钱包被盗的视频，并被问及有关犯罪者及该事件周围情境的问题，包括事件发生的地点和时间以及还有谁在场。与在事件发生48小时后首次接受测试的参与者相比，观看视频后立即接受测试的参与者表现出更好的记忆力。此外，观看视频后立即进行测试减少了48小时延迟期间的遗忘（即早期测试减轻了随后的遗忘）。而且，对事件情境的记忆与对核心信息（即犯罪者）的记忆呈正相关，并且关于事件中其他人的记忆往往与对犯罪者的记忆具有最高的相关性。
