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疫苗研发中的生物伦理问题:新冠疫情带来的挑战

Bioethical Implications in Vaccine Development, a COVID-19 Challenge.

作者信息

Ospina Henao Sebastián, Marín Mora Alejandro, Chan Solano Fanny, Ávila-Aguero María L

机构信息

Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, San José, CRI.

Centro de Estudios en Bioderecho, Ética y Salud, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, ESP.

出版信息

Cureus. 2020 Sep 18;12(9):e10530. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10530.

Abstract

Introduction In the last 18 years, on three occasions, coronavirus has represented a challenge for global health. Between 2002 and 2003 with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, in 2012 with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, and since the end of 2019 with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has challenged health care models and the way of doing research, placing bioethics at the center of discussion.  Methods On August 19, 2020, a webinar organized by the Research Institute of Medical Science (IICIMED, for its acronym in Spanish), entitled 'Bioethical Implications in Vaccine Development, a COVID-19 Challenge' took place. Three experts spoke about the importance of bioethics in the race to develop a COVID-19 vaccine, the risk involved in shortening the terms of the clinical trial phases, and how the associated risks can be minimized, in order to expedite research results.  Conclusion With the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, critical challenges have been posed not only for public health but for research and the scientific community. A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent COVID-19 transmission, complications, and deaths; the adherence to ethical principles required by clinical research is mandatory and closer supervision is also essential.

摘要

引言 在过去18年里,冠状病毒曾三次给全球健康带来挑战。2002年至2003年出现严重急性呼吸综合征,2012年出现中东呼吸综合征,自2019年底以来,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引发了2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行,这对医疗保健模式和研究方式构成了挑战,使生物伦理学成为讨论的核心。

方法 2020年8月19日,医学科学研究所(IICIMED,西班牙语首字母缩写)组织了一次网络研讨会,主题为“疫苗研发中的生物伦理问题,COVID-19的挑战”。三位专家谈到了生物伦理学在COVID-19疫苗研发竞赛中的重要性、缩短临床试验阶段期限所涉及的风险,以及如何将相关风险降至最低以加快研究成果。

结论 新型SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒不仅给公共卫生带来了严峻挑战,也给研究和科学界带来了挑战。迫切需要一种安全有效的疫苗来预防COVID-19的传播、并发症和死亡;必须遵守临床研究所需的伦理原则,加强监督也至关重要。

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