Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA.
Pediatr Transplant. 2021 Feb;25(1):e13877. doi: 10.1111/petr.13877. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
Substance abuse is infrequently addressed during pre- and post-transplant care. However, the significant increase in the use of nicotine- and marijuana-containing products in the general and transplant adolescent population is concerning. In addition, alcohol use/abuse remains prevalent in the US population as it is highly accessible. Pediatric transplant providers should be prepared to screen for the use of any of these substances (eg, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines) and to counsel them about the dangers of substance use and abuse including the unique dangers of the substances as a transplant recipient. Formal screening tools (in children as young as 9 years) should always be used as casual assessment of substance abuse has a high failure rate. This review summarizes the substances most commonly used in adolescent transplant recipients and the approach that transplant providers should take in order to prevent, decrease, or halt use in this patient population.
物质滥用在移植前和移植后护理中很少被提及。然而，令人担忧的是，普通青少年和移植青少年人群中尼古丁和大麻制品的使用显著增加。此外，由于酒精容易获得，在美国人群中，酒精使用/滥用仍然很普遍。儿科移植提供者应该准备好对任何这些物质（例如酒精、尼古丁、大麻、可卡因、阿片类药物、安非他命）进行筛查，并就物质使用和滥用的危险对他们进行咨询，包括作为移植受者使用这些物质的独特危险。应始终使用正式的筛查工具（在 9 岁以下的儿童中），因为对物质滥用的随意评估失败率很高。这篇综述总结了青少年移植受者最常使用的物质，以及移植提供者为了预防、减少或阻止该患者群体使用这些物质而应采取的方法。
