Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Nov;34(11):3062-3069. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003767.
Dobson, J, Harris, B, Claytor, A, Stroud, L, Berg, L, and Chrysosferidis, P. Selected cardiovascular and psychological changes throughout a competitive season in collegiate female swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3062-3069, 2020-Measures that reflect the balance between training-induced fatigue and recovery can provide valuable feedback to help revise training plans. The aim of this study was to use multidimensional measures of the vagal control of the heart rate (HR), psychological stress, and burnout to investigate the impact of overload training and tapering in female swimmers. Thirteen female Division-1 swimmers completed the HR and psychological measures 3 times during a competitive season: (a) at the beginning of the season (BL), (b) eleven weeks later during a period of overload training (OL), and (c) eleven more weeks later and after a taper (TP). Cardiovascular measures included the resting logarithm of the root mean square of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSD), HR responses to forced breathing (HRdiff), and HR responses to sustained handgrip exercise (HRhg). Psychological measures consisted of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that sport devaluation, reduced accomplishment, general stress, and emotional exhaustion all increased throughout the season (all were p < 0.05). Also, lnRMSSDrest decreased (p < 0.01) and HRhg increased (p < 0.05) during OL, both of which then returned to BL levels during TP (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively); whereas HRdiff values fell progressively during the season (p < 0.05). The results indicate that OL impaired cardiac vagal stimulation, and the bulk of evidence indicated that it was fully restored during a TP. In conclusion, lnRMSSD and HRhg were particularly sensitive to changes in workload throughout the season, and so those measures may be especially useful for preventing an excessive accumulation of training-induced fatigue.
多布森、J、哈里斯、B、克莱特、A、斯特劳德、L、伯格、L 和克里斯索费里迪斯、P。在大学生女子游泳运动员的一个竞技赛季中，选择心血管和心理变化。J 力量与调理研究 34(11)：3062-3069，2020-反映训练引起的疲劳与恢复之间平衡的措施可以提供有价值的反馈，帮助修改训练计划。本研究的目的是使用心率 (HR)、心理压力和倦怠的迷走神经控制的多维措施，调查过载训练和逐渐减少对女子游泳运动员的影响。13 名一级 Division 女子游泳运动员在一个竞技赛季中完成了 3 次 HR 和心理测量：(a)在赛季开始时 (BL)，(b)11 周后在过载训练期间 (OL)，(c)11 周后在逐渐减少期间 (TP)。心血管测量包括休息时的对数均方根连续 R-R 间隔 (lnRMSSD)、呼吸强迫时的 HR 反应 (HRdiff) 和持续握力运动时的 HR 反应 (HRhg)。心理测量包括运动员倦怠问卷和恢复压力问卷。重复测量方差分析显示，运动贬值、成就感降低、一般压力和情绪衰竭在整个赛季中都有所增加 (均为 p < 0.05)。此外，lnRMSSDrest 在 OL 期间降低 (p < 0.01)，HRhg 在 OL 期间增加 (p < 0.05)，随后在 TP 期间恢复到 BL 水平 (p < 0.05 和 p < 0.01)；而 HRdiff 值在整个赛季中逐渐下降 (p < 0.05)。结果表明，OL 损害了心脏迷走神经刺激，大部分证据表明，在 TP 期间完全恢复。总之，lnRMSSD 和 HRhg 对整个赛季的工作量变化特别敏感，因此这些措施可能特别有助于防止训练引起的疲劳过度积累。
