Animal Science Laboratory, Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York.
Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021 Oct 13;76(11):1922-1929. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa270.
Diet can affect health and longevity by altering the gut microbiome profile. Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR), like caloric restriction, extends lifespan. But, its effect on the gut microbiome profile and functional significance of such effects are understudied. We investigated whether SAAR alters the gut microbiome profile and bile acid composition, an index of microbial metabolism. We also compared these changes with those induced by a 12% low-calorie diet (LCD). Male 21-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed control (CD; 0.86% methionine), SAAR (0.12% methionine), and LCD diets (0.86% methionine). After 10 weeks on the diet, plasma markers and fecal microbial profiles were determined. SAAR mice had lower body weights and IGF-1, and higher food intake and FGF-21 than CD mice. Compared to SAAR mice, LCD mice had higher body weights, and lower FGF-21 and food intake, but similar IGF-1. β-Diversity indices were different between SAAR and LCD, and LCD and CD, but not between CD and SAAR. In groupwise comparisons of individual taxa, differences were more discernable between SAAR and LCD than between other groups. Abundances of Firmicutes, Clostridiaceae, and Turicibacteraceae were higher, but Verrucomicrobia was lower in SAAR than in LCD. Secondary bile acids and the ratio of secondary to primary bile acids were lower in SAAR than in LCD. SAAR favored bile acid conjugation with glycine at the expense of taurine. Overall, SAAR and LCD diets induced distinct changes in the gut microbiome and bile acid profiles. Additional studies on the role of these changes in improving health and lifespan are warranted.
饮食可以通过改变肠道微生物组谱来影响健康和寿命。与热量限制一样，硫氨基酸限制（SAAR）也能延长寿命。但是，其对肠道微生物组谱的影响以及这种影响的功能意义尚未得到充分研究。我们研究了 SAAR 是否会改变肠道微生物组谱和胆汁酸组成，胆汁酸组成是微生物代谢的一个指标。我们还将这些变化与低卡路里饮食（LCD）引起的变化进行了比较。雄性 21 周龄 C57BL6/J 小鼠喂食对照（CD；0.86%蛋氨酸）、SAAR（0.12%蛋氨酸）和 LCD 饮食（0.86%蛋氨酸）。在饮食 10 周后，测定了血浆标志物和粪便微生物群谱。SAAR 组小鼠体重和 IGF-1 较低，而食物摄入量和 FGF-21 较高。与 SAAR 组相比，LCD 组体重较高，FGF-21 和食物摄入量较低，但 IGF-1 相似。β多样性指数在 SAAR 和 LCD 之间以及 LCD 和 CD 之间存在差异，但在 CD 和 SAAR 之间没有差异。在个体分类群的组间比较中，SAAR 和 LCD 之间的差异比其他组之间更明显。SAAR 组厚壁菌门、梭菌科和 Turicibacteraceae 的丰度较高，而 Verrucomicrobia 的丰度较低。SAAR 组的次级胆汁酸和次级/初级胆汁酸的比例低于 LCD 组。SAAR 有利于与甘氨酸结合的胆汁酸，而不是与牛磺酸结合的胆汁酸。总的来说，SAAR 和 LCD 饮食诱导了肠道微生物组和胆汁酸谱的明显变化。需要进一步研究这些变化在改善健康和寿命方面的作用。
