Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021 May;105(3):520-534. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13464. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
The aim of present study was to determine whether chickens' (broilers Ross 308, n = 180, sex ratio 1:1) diet modification with different doses of grape or pomegranate seed oil will favourable change fatty acids and cholesterol content in selected giblets (liver and heart) or wastes (adipose tissue). It was also verify whether generated changes would make the giblets and wastes more valuable as dietary components or by-products for food industry. From 22 to 42 day of life, five diets were administered to chickens. Control grower diet (CON) contained 5% of soy oil, whereas in the experimental grower diets part of soy oil (1.5% or 2%) was replaced with specific amount of grape or pomegranate seed oil (GRAP 1.5; GRAP 2.0; POM 1.5; POM 2.0 respectively). Fatty acids and cholesterol content were determined with gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection. Pomegranate seed oil improved fatty acids profile more favourably than grape seed oil, which makes it a valuable additive in chickens' feeding. Abdominal fat of pomegranate seed oil supplemented chickens appeared to be the richest sources of rumenic acid and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which allows to suggest its use in manufacturing of meat products to obtain foodstuffs rich in those essential nutrients. In principal component analysis (PCA), two principal components: PC1 and PC2, which were enough to explain 29.91% of variance of initial variables, allowed to a good separation of chickens fed with both doses of pomegranate seed oil from animals from control and grape seed oil fed groups. Because poultry addresses all nutritional, institutional and consumer requirements, enrichment of giblets in rumenic acid by pomegranate seed oil incorporation into chickens' diet may provide a valuable dietary source of bioactive fatty acids for consumers, especially of low-income countries.
本研究旨在确定在不同剂量的葡萄或石榴籽油饮食干预下，肉鸡（罗斯 308，n=180，雌雄比 1:1）的内脏器官（肝脏和心脏）或废弃物（脂肪组织）中的脂肪酸和胆固醇含量是否会发生有利变化。本研究还验证了这些变化是否会使内脏器官和废弃物作为食品工业的膳食成分或副产品更具价值。从第 22 天至第 42 天，给鸡喂食五种不同的日粮。对照生长日粮（CON）中含有 5%的大豆油，而在实验生长日粮中，部分大豆油（1.5%或 2%）被等量的葡萄籽油或石榴籽油（GRAP 1.5；GRAP 2.0；POM 1.5；POM 2.0）所替代。用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测法测定脂肪酸和胆固醇含量。石榴籽油比葡萄籽油更能改善脂肪酸的组成，使其成为鸡饲料的一种有价值的添加剂。添加石榴籽油的鸡的腹部脂肪似乎是瘤胃酸和 n3 多不饱和脂肪酸的最丰富来源，这使得它可以被用于制造肉类产品，以获得富含这些必需营养物质的食品。主成分分析（PCA）表明，两个主成分（PC1 和 PC2）足以解释初始变量 29.91%的方差，使添加两种剂量石榴籽油的鸡与对照组和葡萄籽油组的鸡能够很好地分离。由于家禽可以满足所有的营养、机构和消费者的需求，因此在鸡的饮食中添加石榴籽油来增加瘤胃酸，可以为消费者提供一种有价值的富含生物活性脂肪酸的膳食来源，尤其是对低收入国家的消费者。
