Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Molecules. 2020 Nov 10;25(22):5232. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225232.
Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon dried fruits (BME) are used as natural remedies in folk medicine and as dietary supplements. However, the exact mechanism of their beneficial action is not known. The aim of study was to assess how the diet supplementation with PSO and/or with an aqueous solution of affects the metabolism of fatty acids, fatty acids composition and the level of prostaglandin E (PGE) in rat liver. Animals (Sprague-Dawley female rats, = 48) were divide into four equinumerous groups and fed as a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with PSO, BME or both PSO and BME for 21 weeks. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. PSO added to the diet increased the rumenic acid content ( < 0.0001) and increased accumulation of -6 fatty acids ( = 0.0001) in hepatic tissue. Enrichment of the diet either with PSO or with BME reduced the activity of Δ-desaturase (D6D) ( = 0.0019), whereas the combination of those dietary factors only slightly increased the effect. Applied dietary supplements significantly reduced the PGE level ( = 0.0021). No significant intensification of the influence on the investigated parameters resulted from combined application of PSO and BME. PSO and BME have potential health-promoting properties because they influence fatty acids composition and exhibit an inhibiting effect on the activity of desaturases and thus they contribute to the reduction in the metabolites of arachidonic acid (especially PGE).
石榴籽油 (PSO) 和苦瓜干果实 (BME) 被用作民间医学的天然药物和膳食补充剂。然而，其有益作用的确切机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估饮食补充 PSO 和/或水溶液对脂肪酸代谢、脂肪酸组成和前列腺素 E (PGE) 水平的影响。动物 (Sprague-Dawley 雌性大鼠，n = 48) 分为四组，分别给予对照饮食或实验饮食，补充 PSO、BME 或 PSO 和 BME 混合物 21 周。脂肪酸用火焰离子化检测气相色谱法测定。添加到饮食中的 PSO 增加了瘤胃酸含量 ( < 0.0001) 并增加了肝组织中 -6 脂肪酸的积累 ( = 0.0001)。用 PSO 或 BME 富集饮食会降低 Δ-去饱和酶 (D6D) 的活性 ( = 0.0019)，而这些饮食因素的组合仅略微增加了这种效果。应用膳食补充剂可显著降低 PGE 水平 ( = 0.0021)。PSO 和 BME 的联合应用并未显著增强对所研究参数的影响。PSO 和 BME 具有潜在的促进健康的特性，因为它们影响脂肪酸组成，并对去饱和酶的活性表现出抑制作用，从而有助于减少花生四烯酸的代谢物 (尤其是 PGE)。
