Lagousi Theano, Basdeki Paraskevi, De Jonge Marien I, Spoulou Vana
First Department of Paediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department "MAKKA", Athens Medical School , Athens, Greece.
Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020 Oct;19(10):959-972. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1843433. Epub 2020 Nov 8.
: Nasopharyngeal colonization is a precondition for mucosal and invasive pneumococcal disease. Prevention of colonization may reduce pneumococcal transmission and disease incidence. Therefore, several protein-based pneumococcal vaccines are currently under investigation. : We aimed to better understand the host immune responses to pneumococcal proteins in the upper respiratory tract (URT) that could facilitate the development of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines. English peer-reviewed papers reporting immunological mechanisms involved in host immune response to pneumococcal proteins in the URT were retrieved through a PubMed search using the terms 'pneumococcal proteins,' 'nasopharyngeal colonization' and/or 'cellular/humoral host immune response.' : Although pneumococcal protein antigens induce humoral immune responses, as well as IL-17A-mediated immunity, none of them, when used as single antigen, is sufficient to control and broadly protect against pneumococcal colonization. Novel vaccines should contain multiple conserved protein antigens to activate both arms of the immune system and evoke protection against the whole spectrum of pneumococcal variants by reducing, rather than eradicating, pneumococcal carriage. The highest efficacy would likely be achieved when the vaccine is intranasally applied, inducing mucosal immunity and enhancing the first line of defense by restricting pneumococcal density in the URT, which in turn will lead to reduced transmission and protection against disease.
鼻咽部定植是黏膜性和侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的一个先决条件。预防定植可能会减少肺炎球菌的传播及疾病发病率。因此，目前有几种基于蛋白质的肺炎球菌疫苗正在研究中。
我们旨在更好地了解上呼吸道（URT）中宿主对肺炎球菌蛋白的免疫反应，这可能有助于开发不依赖血清型的肺炎球菌疫苗。通过使用“肺炎球菌蛋白”、“鼻咽部定植”和/或“细胞/体液宿主免疫反应”等术语在PubMed数据库中进行检索，获取了报道上呼吸道中宿主对肺炎球菌蛋白免疫反应所涉及免疫机制的英文同行评审论文。
尽管肺炎球菌蛋白抗原可诱导体液免疫反应以及白细胞介素-17A介导的免疫，但当它们作为单一抗原使用时，均不足以控制并广泛预防肺炎球菌定植。新型疫苗应包含多种保守蛋白抗原，以激活免疫系统的两个分支，并通过减少而非根除肺炎球菌携带，来引发针对全谱系肺炎球菌变体的保护作用。当疫苗通过鼻内给药时，可能会达到最高疗效，通过限制上呼吸道中的肺炎球菌密度诱导黏膜免疫并增强第一道防线，这反过来又会减少传播并预防疾病。
