Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 1;89(7):641-650. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.020. Epub 2020 Aug 30.
Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness and are more likely to emerge during childhood compared with most other psychiatric disorders. While research on children is the gold standard for understanding the behavioral expression of anxiety and its neural circuitry, the ethical and technical limitations in exploring neural underpinnings limit our understanding of the child's developing brain. Instead, we must rely on animal models to build strong methodological bridges for bidirectional translation to child development research. Using the caregiver-infant context, we review the rodent literature on early-life fear development to characterize developmental transitions in amygdala function underlying age-specific behavioral transitions. We then describe how this system can be perturbed by early-life adversity, including reduced efficacy of the caregiver as a safe haven. We suggest that greater integration of clinically informed animal research enhances bidirectional translation to permit new approaches to therapeutics for children with early onset anxiety disorders.
焦虑障碍是最常见的精神疾病形式，与大多数其他精神疾病相比，更有可能在儿童时期出现。虽然儿童研究是理解焦虑的行为表现及其神经回路的黄金标准，但在探索神经基础方面的伦理和技术限制限制了我们对儿童发育中大脑的理解。相反，我们必须依赖动物模型为双向转化为儿童发展研究建立强大的方法学桥梁。我们使用照顾者-婴儿的背景，综述了关于早期生命恐惧发展的啮齿动物文献，以描述杏仁核功能的发展转变，这些转变是年龄特异性行为转变的基础。然后，我们描述了这个系统如何被早期生活逆境所干扰，包括照顾者作为安全港的功效降低。我们认为，更多地整合具有临床意义的动物研究可以增强双向转化，从而为患有早期焦虑障碍的儿童提供新的治疗方法。
