Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
J Glob Health. 2020 Dec;10(2):020504. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020504.
We are communicating the results of investigating statistics on SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonias in Russia: percentage, mortality, cases with other viral agents, cases accompanied by secondary bacterial pneumonias, age breakdown, clinical course and outcome.
We studied two sampling sets (Set 1 and Set 2). Set 1 consisted of results of testing 3382 assays of out-patients and hospital patients (5-88 years old) with community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia of yet undetermined aetiology. Set 2 contained results of 1204 assays of hospital patients (12-94 years old) with pneumonia and COVID-19 already diagnosed by molecular biological techniques in test laboratories. The results were collected in twelve Russian cities/provinces in time range 2 March - 5 May 2020. Assays were analysed for 10 bacterial, 15 viral, 2 fungal and 2 parasitic aetiological agents.
In Set 1, 4.35% of total pneumonia cases were related to SARS-CoV-2, with substantially larger proportion (18.75%) of deaths of pneumonia with COVID-19 diagnosed. However, studying Set 2, we revealed that 52.82% patients in it were also positive for different typical and atypical aetiological agents usually causing pneumonia. 433 COVID-19 patients (35.96%) were tested positive for various bacterial aetiological agents, with and infections accounting for the majority of secondary pneumonia cases.
SARS-CoV-2, a low-pathogenic virus itself, becomes exceptionally dangerous if secondary bacterial pneumonia attacks a COVID-19 patient as a complication. An essential part of the severest complications and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Russia in March-May 2020, may be attributed to secondary bacterial pneumonia and to a much less extent viral co-infections. The problem of hospital-acquired bacterial infection is exceptionally urgent in treating SARS-CoV-2 patients. The risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia and its further complications, should be given very serious attention in combating SARS-CoV-2.
我们正在交流俄罗斯关于 SARS-CoV-2 相关肺炎的统计调查结果：百分比、死亡率、合并其他病毒病原体的病例、合并继发性细菌性肺炎的病例、年龄分布、临床病程和转归。
我们研究了两个抽样集（集 1 和集 2）。集 1 由 3382 例门诊和住院患者（年龄 5-88 岁）社区获得性和医院获得性肺炎的检测结果组成，这些肺炎的病因尚未确定。集 2 包含了 1204 例住院患者（年龄 12-94 岁）的检测结果，这些患者的肺炎和 COVID-19 已通过分子生物学技术在实验室确诊。结果是在 2020 年 3 月 2 日至 5 月 5 日期间在 12 个俄罗斯城市/省份收集的。检测分析了 10 种细菌、15 种病毒、2 种真菌和 2 种寄生虫病原体。
在集 1 中，总肺炎病例中有 4.35%与 SARS-CoV-2 有关，COVID-19 诊断的肺炎死亡率明显更高（18.75%）。然而，在研究集 2 时，我们发现其中 52.82%的患者也对通常引起肺炎的不同典型和非典型病原体呈阳性。433 例 COVID-19 患者（35.96%）检测出各种细菌病原体阳性，其中 和 感染占继发性肺炎病例的大多数。
SARS-CoV-2 本身是一种低致病性病毒，但如果继发性细菌性肺炎作为并发症侵袭 COVID-19 患者，它就会变得异常危险。2020 年 3 月至 5 月俄罗斯 COVID-19 患者最严重并发症和死亡率的一个重要部分可能归因于继发性细菌性肺炎，而病毒性合并感染的程度要小得多。在治疗 SARS-CoV-2 患者时，医院获得性细菌感染是一个极其紧迫的问题。在抗击 SARS-CoV-2 时，应非常重视继发性细菌性肺炎及其进一步并发症的风险。
