Combined Approach to Engineer a Highly Active Mutant of Processive Chitinase Hydrolyzing Crystalline Chitin.

chitinase A (ChiA) processively hydrolyzes recalcitrant biomass crystalline chitin under mild conditions. Here, we combined multiple sequence alignment, site-saturation mutagenesis, and automated protein purification and activity measurement with liquid-handling robot to reduce the number of mutation trials and shorten the screening time for hydrolytic activity improvement of ChiA. The amino acid residues, which are not conserved in the alignment and are close to the aromatic residues along the substrate-binding sites in the crystal structure, were selected for site-saturation mutagenesis. Using the previously identified highly active F232W/F396W mutant as a template, we identified the F232W/F396W/S538V mutant, which shows further improved hydrolytic activity just by trying eight different sites. Importantly, valine was not found in the multiple sequence alignment at Ser538 site of ChiA. Our combined approach allows engineering of highly active enzyme mutants, which cannot be identified only by the introduction of predominant amino acid residues in the multiple sequence alignment.