Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Arch Toxicol. 2020 Nov;94(11):3671-3722. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02936-7. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family is the most important enzyme system catalyzing the phase 1 metabolism of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics such as herbal remedies and toxic compounds in the environment. The inhibition and induction of CYPs are major mechanisms causing pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. This review presents a comprehensive update on the inhibitors and inducers of the specific CYP enzymes in humans. The focus is on the more recent human in vitro and in vivo findings since the publication of our previous review on this topic in 2008. In addition to the general presentation of inhibitory drugs and inducers of human CYP enzymes by drugs, herbal remedies, and toxic compounds, an in-depth view on tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and antiretroviral HIV medications as victims and perpetrators of drug-drug interactions is provided as examples of the current trends in the field. Also, a concise overview of the mechanisms of CYP induction is presented to aid the understanding of the induction phenomena.
细胞色素 P450（CYP）酶家族是催化药物和其他外源性物质（如草药和环境中的有毒化合物）的 1 期代谢的最重要的酶系统。CYP 的抑制和诱导是导致药物动力学药物相互作用的主要机制。本文综述了人类特定 CYP 酶抑制剂和诱导剂的最新进展。重点是自 2008 年我们发表关于该主题的上一篇综述以来，更近期的人类体外和体内发现。除了按药物、草药和有毒化合物一般介绍 CYP 酶抑制剂和诱导剂外，还深入探讨了酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和抗逆转录病毒 HIV 药物作为药物相互作用的受害者和肇事者的情况，以此为例介绍该领域的当前趋势。此外，还简要概述了 CYP 诱导的机制，以帮助理解诱导现象。
