Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Jan;65(1):e1900481. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201900481. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
More than a decade ago, the concept of "metabolic endotoxemia" is elaborated on the fact that some bacterial components, classified as microbial associated membrane pathogens (MAMPs) can pass through the gut barrier and create a systemic low tone inflammation.
The translocation of lipopolysaccharides and its contribution to systemic inflammation are largely studied in murine models of obesity, allowing to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the process. Many different pathological contexts evoke the loss of gut barrier as an event contributing to inflammation and thereby driving metabolic and behavioral alterations.
This review describes the role of nutrition as a modulator of metabolic regulation and focuses on the contribution of the gut microbiota in the process of the production of a large diversity of bioactive metabolites. The two first sections of the review will be dedicated to the impact of nutritional disorders on both the gut microbiota composition and on metabolic inflammation. The last and more prominent section will describe the role of different nutrient-derived gut metabolites on the gut barrier integrity, metabolic inflammation, and peripheral tissue alterations during obesity or associated complications.
十多年前，“代谢性内毒素血症”的概念详细阐述了这样一个事实，即某些细菌成分被归类为微生物相关膜病原体（MAMPs），可以穿透肠道屏障并引发全身低度炎症。
在肥胖症的小鼠模型中，大量研究了脂多糖的易位及其对全身炎症的贡献，从而揭示了涉及该过程的分子途径。许多不同的病理情况都表明肠道屏障的丧失是导致炎症的一个事件，并由此导致代谢和行为的改变。
本综述描述了营养作为代谢调节调节剂的作用，并重点介绍了肠道微生物群在产生大量生物活性代谢物过程中的贡献。综述的前两个部分将专门讨论营养障碍对肠道微生物群组成和代谢炎症的影响。最后一个也是更为突出的部分将描述不同营养源性肠道代谢物在肥胖或相关并发症期间对肠道屏障完整性、代谢炎症和外周组织改变的作用。
