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囚犯的创伤后成长及其与工作人员-囚犯关系质量的关系。

Post-traumatic growth in prisoners and its association with the quality of staff-prisoner relationships.

机构信息

Psychology Department HMP Wakefield, Wakefield, UK.

School of Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

出版信息

Crim Behav Ment Health. 2021 Feb;31(1):49-59. doi: 10.1002/cbm.2173. Epub 2020 Oct 28.

DOI:10.1002/cbm.2173
PMID:33112437
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Being sentenced to imprisonment can be traumatic. This may lead to further negative effects, including reoffending or disorders of mental health. Emerging research, however, has suggested that traumatic events can, at times, also lead to post-traumatic growth, leading us to question whether prisoners could experience this.

AIMS

Our aims were to explore the prevalence of post-traumatic growth in prisoners and any association between this and prisoners' perceptions of the quality of their relationships with staff. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be a positive association between perceptions of the quality of relationships with staff members and post-traumatic growth. We also hypothesised an interaction between staff-prisoner relationships and the extent to which sentencing was experienced as traumatic.

METHOD

The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory were distributed to all 762 prisoners in a high-security prison for adult men in England. First, one-tailed correlations between variables were run, then a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test for an interaction between staff-prisoner relationship ratings, trauma of sentencing and post-traumatic growth.

RESULTS

Just over one fifth of the men (n = 160) returned questionnaires; 76 (48%) had scores indicative of moderate-to-high post-traumatic growth. There was a significant positive association between perceptions of the relationships with staff members and the post-traumatic growth reported. There was no significant interaction between the staff-prisoner relationships and the experience of trauma of imprisonment.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study extends understanding of prisoners through finding that higher levels of self-rated post-traumatic growth were associated with experiencing empathy, positive regard, acceptance and genuineness from prison staff. This highlights the need for high-quality relationships to be adopted in all aspects of prison setting and culture and offers further direction for research into such relationships and their role in promoting positive psychological outcomes.

摘要

背景

被判入狱可能会造成创伤。这可能会导致进一步的负面影响,包括再次犯罪或心理健康障碍。然而,新兴研究表明,创伤事件有时也会导致创伤后成长,这让我们质疑囚犯是否会经历这种情况。

目的

我们的目的是探讨囚犯中创伤后成长的流行程度,以及这种成长与囚犯对与工作人员关系质量的看法之间的任何关联。我们的主要假设是,囚犯对与工作人员关系质量的看法与创伤后成长之间存在正相关。我们还假设了工作人员与囚犯的关系以及将判决视为创伤的程度之间的相互作用。

方法

向英格兰一所高度戒备的成年男子监狱的 762 名囚犯分发了创伤后成长量表和巴雷特-伦纳德关系量表。首先,对变量进行了单尾相关分析,然后进行了分层回归分析,以检验工作人员与囚犯关系评分、判决创伤与创伤后成长之间的相互作用。

结果

只有五分之一的男性(n=160)返回了问卷;76 人(48%)的得分表明存在中度至高度的创伤后成长。囚犯对与工作人员关系的看法与报告的创伤后成长之间存在显著正相关。工作人员与囚犯的关系与监禁创伤体验之间没有显著的相互作用。

结论

我们的研究通过发现更高水平的自我报告创伤后成长与从监狱工作人员那里获得同理心、积极关注、接受和真诚感有关,从而扩展了对囚犯的理解。这强调了需要在监狱环境和文化的各个方面采用高质量的关系,并为进一步研究这种关系及其在促进积极心理结果方面的作用提供了方向。

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