Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Reproduction. 2020 Dec;160(6):R119-R128. doi: 10.1530/REP-19-0605.
Trophoblasts are unique epithelial cells found only in the placenta. It has been possible to isolate and maintain human trophoblasts in in vitro culture for many decades. During this period there have been a vast array of media and supplements reported for trophoblast culture and often the reasons for using the media and specific supplements employed in any given laboratory have been lost in the 'mists of time'. After a gradual development over many years this field has recently changed, with the publication of several reports of the isolation, growth and differentiation of human trophoblast stem or stem-like cells. This advance was made largely because of a greater understanding of the molecular pathways that control human trophoblasts and availability of media supplements that can be used to manipulate those pathways. We have searched the literature and here summarise many of the different media and supplements and describe how and why they were developed and are used to culture human trophoblasts.
滋养层细胞是仅存在于胎盘的独特上皮细胞。几十年来，人们已经可以在体外培养中分离和维持人滋养层细胞。在此期间，已经报道了大量用于滋养层培养的培养基和补充剂，而在“时间的迷雾”中，通常已经忘记了在任何特定实验室中使用培养基和特定补充剂的原因。经过多年的逐渐发展，该领域最近发生了变化，有几篇关于人滋养层干细胞或类干细胞的分离、生长和分化的报道。这一进展主要是由于对控制人滋养层的分子途径有了更深入的了解，以及能够用于操纵这些途径的培养基补充剂的出现。我们已经查阅了文献，在此总结了许多不同的培养基和补充剂，并描述了它们是如何以及为何被开发出来并用于培养人滋养层细胞的。
