Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2020;74(2):316-325. doi: 10.32394/pe.74.24.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which causes central nervous system infections, is a major health problem in Europe and Asia. This virus is transmitted mainly via the bite of a tick. However, an infection may also occur as a result of consuming raw milk. In 2018, a total of 3 092 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were reported in EU countries. In recent years, TBE has emerged in previously unaffected regions; thus, new endemic areas have been identified. Most cases of TBE occur in spring and autumn, which correlates with increased tick activity. TBE is found in all age groups, including infants. The clinical presentation of TBE varies, but the severity of the infection and risk of complications increase with age. Post-encephalitic syndrome, which affects up to 50% of infected individuals, significantly reduces quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for TBE, and supportive management is used in the acute phase of the disease. Therefore, anti-TBE immunization and the avoidance of tick bites are of key importance in preventing this infection.
蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）可引起中枢神经系统感染，是欧洲和亚洲的一个主要健康问题。该病毒主要通过蜱的叮咬传播。但是，食用生奶也可能导致感染。2018 年，欧盟国家共报告了 3092 例蜱传脑炎（TBE）病例。近年来，TBE 已出现在以前未受影响的地区；因此，已确定新的地方性流行地区。大多数 TBE 病例发生在春季和秋季，这与蜱的活动增加有关。TBE 可发生于所有年龄组，包括婴儿。TBE 的临床表现各不相同，但感染的严重程度和并发症风险随年龄增长而增加。多达 50%的感染者会出现脑炎后综合征，显著降低生活质量。目前，尚无针对 TBE 的有效治疗方法，疾病的急性期采用支持性治疗。因此，预防这种感染的关键是进行 TBE 免疫接种和避免蜱叮咬。
