Zefat Academic College.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2021 Jun;27(2):417-429. doi: 10.1037/xap0000334. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
We examined the dynamics through which temporary motor cues of approach or avoidance directed to an outgroup member affect attitudes of majority members toward the minority outgroup. In Study 1 participants activated and maintained either arm flexion or arm extension, while facing a picture of an outgroup person wearing religious trappings. Thereafter, they filled a questionnaire which measured outgroup prejudice. Study 2 replicated this procedure while including a control condition of the arm, and measured intergroup anxiety in addition to prejudice. In the first study outgroup prejudice was significantly higher following arm extension in comparison with arm flexion. The second study revealed that the source of the arm activation effect was due to arm extension increasing prejudice rather than arm flexion reducing it. Moreover, a mediation effect was found: Arm extension (vs. control) increased intergroup anxiety, which in turn was related to higher prejudice toward the outgroup. The results reveal embodiment effects by which temporary motor cues are related to visual religious cues leading to subsequent bias toward the outgroup. Multimodal representation accounts and theories explaining the psychological processes involved in perceiving threat-cues in intergroup relations are discussed. Practical implications of the observed embodied effects are also considered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
我们研究了指向群体外成员的暂时接近或回避的运动线索如何影响多数群体成员对少数群体的态度。在研究 1 中，参与者在面对戴着宗教饰物的群体外人士的照片时，激活并保持手臂弯曲或伸展。之后，他们填写了一份测量对外群体偏见的问卷。在研究 2 中，我们复制了这个程序，同时包括了手臂的对照条件，并测量了对外群焦虑除了偏见之外的因素。在第一项研究中，与手臂弯曲相比，手臂伸展时对外群体的偏见明显更高。第二项研究表明，手臂激活效应的来源是手臂伸展增加了偏见，而不是手臂弯曲减少了偏见。此外，还发现了一个中介效应：与对照组相比，手臂伸展（而不是手臂弯曲）增加了群体间焦虑，而群体间焦虑又与对外群体的更高偏见有关。研究结果揭示了临时运动线索与视觉宗教线索相关，从而导致对外群体产生偏见的体现效应。还讨论了多模态表示理论和解释群体间关系中感知威胁线索所涉及的心理过程的理论。还考虑了所观察到的体现效应的实际意义。
