Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2021 Aug;121(2):e1-e18. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000371. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Recently, increasing efforts have been made to define and measure dimensional phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders. One example is a probabilistic reward task developed by Pizzagalli, Jahn, and O'Shea (2005) to assess anhedonia, by measuring response to a differential reinforcement schedule. This task has been used in many studies, which have connected blunted reward response in the task to depressive symptoms, across clinical groups and in the general population. The current study attempted to replicate these findings in a large community sample and also investigated possible associations with Extraversion, a personality trait linked to reward sensitivity. Participants ( = 299) completed the probabilistic reward task, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory, Personality Inventory for the DSM-5, Big Five Inventory, and Big Five Aspect Scales. Our direct replication attempts used bivariate correlations and analysis of variance models. Follow-up and extension analyses used structural equation models to assess relations among reward sensitivity, depression, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. No significant associations were found between reward sensitivity and depression, thus failing to replicate previous findings. Reward sensitivity (both modeled as response bias aggregated across blocks and as response bias controlling for baseline) showed positive associations with Extraversion, but not Neuroticism. Findings suggest reward sensitivity as measured by this task may be related primarily to Extraversion and its pathological manifestations, rather than to depression per se, consistent with existing models that conceptualize depressive symptoms as combining features of Neuroticism and low Extraversion. Findings are discussed in broader contexts of dimensional psychopathology frameworks, replicable science, and behavioral task reliability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
最近，人们越来越努力地定义和衡量与精神障碍相关的维度表型。一个例子是由 Pizzagalli、Jahn 和 O'Shea（2005 年）开发的概率奖励任务，用于通过测量对差异强化时间表的反应来评估快感缺失。该任务已在许多研究中使用，这些研究将任务中奖励反应迟钝与抑郁症状联系起来，跨越了临床群体和普通人群。本研究试图在一个大型社区样本中复制这些发现，并研究与外向性（与奖励敏感性相关的人格特质）的可能关联。参与者（n=299）完成了概率奖励任务，以及贝克抑郁量表、DSM-5 人格量表、大五人格量表和大五人格量表。我们的直接复制尝试使用了双变量相关和方差分析模型。后续和扩展分析使用结构方程模型来评估奖励敏感性、抑郁、外向性和神经质之间的关系。奖励敏感性与抑郁之间没有发现显著关联，因此未能复制先前的发现。奖励敏感性（均通过跨块聚合的反应偏差和控制基线的反应偏差进行建模）与外向性呈正相关，但与神经质无关。研究结果表明，该任务测量的奖励敏感性可能主要与外向性及其病理表现有关，而不是与抑郁本身有关，这与将抑郁症状概念化为神经质和低外向性特征相结合的现有模型一致。研究结果在维度精神病理学框架、可复制科学和行为任务可靠性的更广泛背景下进行了讨论。
