Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 29;15(10):e0241235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241235. eCollection 2020.
The Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901), a potential vector of several pathogens, has recently established in North America and Central Europe. In 2013, it was found on the Slovenian-Croatian border, and during the following years, it emerged in more and more counties of northwestern Croatia. Surveillance of Ae. j. japonicus and other invasive mosquito species was subsequently extended both spatially and temporally in Croatia and neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Mosquito collections were conducted in 2017 and 2018, based on adult trapping through dry ice-baited CDC traps and BG-Lure-baited BG-Sentinel traps, larval sampling through dippers and nets, and ovitrapping. Aedes j. japonicus specimens from collected samples were subjected to population genetic analysis by comparing microsatellite signatures and nad4 DNA sequences between sampled locations and with data previously obtained from more western European distribution areas. Aedes j. japonicus immature stages were found at 19 sites in Croatia, two sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one site in Serbia. In Croatia, four new counties were found colonised, two in the east and two in the south of the previously known distribution area. A spread of 250 km could thus be documented within five years. The findings in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia represent the first records of Ae. j. japonicus in these countries. Genetic analysis suggests at least two introduction events into the surveyed area. Among the locations analysed, Orahovica can be considered a genetic border. The individuals collected west of this point were found to be similar to samples previously collected in the border regions of Southeast Germany/Austria and Austria/Slovenia, while the specimens from more eastern Croatian localities, together with those from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, were genetically different and could not be assigned to a probable origin. Thus, introduction from Central Europe, possibly by vehicular traffic, into the study area is likely, but other origins, transportation routes and modes of entry appear to contribute. Further dispersal of Ae. j. japonicus to other parts of southeastern Europe is anticipated.
亚洲丛林蚊，白纹伊蚊（Theobald，1901），是几种病原体的潜在载体，最近已在北美洲和中欧建立。2013 年，在斯洛文尼亚-克罗地亚边境发现了它，在随后的几年里，它出现在克罗地亚西北部越来越多的县。因此，在克罗地亚以及邻国波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和塞尔维亚，扩大了对白纹伊蚊和其他入侵蚊子物种的监测。2017 年和 2018 年进行了蚊子采集，方法是通过干冰诱饵的 CDC 陷阱和 BG-Lure 诱饵的 BG-Sentinel 陷阱诱捕成虫，用勺子和网采集幼虫，以及诱卵。从收集的样本中提取白纹伊蚊标本，通过比较采样地点之间的微卫星特征和 nad4 DNA 序列，并与以前从更西的欧洲分布区获得的数据进行种群遗传分析。在克罗地亚的 19 个地点、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的 2 个地点和塞尔维亚的 1 个地点发现了白纹伊蚊的幼虫阶段。在克罗地亚，又有四个新的县被发现有蚊子，两个在已知分布区的东部，两个在南部。在五年内，可以记录到 250 公里的传播范围。在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及塞尔维亚的发现代表了这些国家首次记录到白纹伊蚊。遗传分析表明，至少有两次引入事件发生在调查区域。在所分析的地点中，Orahovica 可以被视为遗传边界。在该点以西采集的个体与以前在德国/奥地利东南部和奥地利/斯洛文尼亚边境地区采集的样本相似，而来自克罗地亚更东部的地点的标本以及来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和塞尔维亚的标本在遗传上不同，无法确定其起源地。因此，很可能是通过交通工具从中欧引入到研究区域，但也有其他起源、传播途径和进入方式。预计白纹伊蚊会进一步扩散到东南欧的其他地区。
