In Vivo Patch-Clamp Studies.

Intact and functioning brain enables quantification of neural activities directly associated with real world such as visual and auditory information. In vivo patch clamp can record different types of neuronal activity, such as spiking responses, membrane potential dynamics, and synaptic currents (e.g., EPSC, IPSC) in either anesthetized or awake or even free moving animals. Researchers can not only directly measure these neuronal activities but also quantify and unravel synaptic contribution from excitatory and inhibitory circuits. Here, we describe the requirements and standard protocols to perform in vivo patch clamp recording. The key factors of successful recording based on references and our experiences are also provided.