Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1273:197-208. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_11.
Microglia are the brain resident phagocytes that act as the primary form of the immune defense in the central nervous system. These cells originate from primitive macrophages that arise from the yolk sac. Advances in imaging and single-cell RNA-seq technologies provided new insights into the complexity of microglia biology.Microglia play an essential role in the brain development and maintenance of brain homeostasis. They are also crucial in injury repair in the central nervous system. The tumor microenvironment is complex and includes neoplastic cells as well as varieties of host and infiltrating immune cells. Microglia are part of the glioma microenvironment and play a critical part in initiating and maintaining tumor growth and spread. Microglia can also act as effector cells in treatments against gliomas. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge of how and where microglia are generated. We also discuss their functions during brain development, injury repair, and homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the role of microglia in the tumor microenvironment of gliomas and highlight their therapeutic implications.
小胶质细胞是大脑驻留的吞噬细胞，是中枢神经系统中主要的免疫防御形式。这些细胞起源于卵黄囊中的原始巨噬细胞。成像和单细胞 RNA-seq 技术的进步为小胶质细胞生物学的复杂性提供了新的见解。小胶质细胞在大脑发育和维持脑内稳态中发挥着重要作用。它们在中枢神经系统的损伤修复中也至关重要。肿瘤微环境复杂，包括肿瘤细胞以及各种宿主和浸润免疫细胞。小胶质细胞是神经胶质瘤微环境的一部分，在启动和维持肿瘤生长和扩散中起着关键作用。小胶质细胞也可以作为胶质母细胞瘤治疗的效应细胞。在本章中，我们总结了小胶质细胞生成的方式和位置的最新知识。我们还讨论了它们在大脑发育、损伤修复和内稳态中的功能。此外，我们讨论了小胶质细胞在神经胶质瘤肿瘤微环境中的作用，并强调了它们的治疗意义。
