Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;55:47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.008. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a highly dynamic organ that can vary considerably in mass depending on energy balance. Data from recent cross-sectional and prospective clinical studies have revealed a set of mechanisms that link WAT dysfunction to type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on three of the most important pathophysiological processes that distinguish WAT in the insulin resistant state: regional WAT distribution, adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid turnover. Together, these disturbances attenuate the lipid storage capacity of WAT leading to ectopic fat deposition in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and vessels ultimately leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The possible approaches to therapeutically target dysfunctional WAT are also discussed.
白色脂肪组织（WAT）是一个高度动态的器官，其质量可以根据能量平衡而发生显著变化。最近的横断面和前瞻性临床研究的数据揭示了一系列将 WAT 功能障碍与 2 型糖尿病联系起来的机制。本综述重点介绍了区分胰岛素抵抗状态下的 WAT 的三个最重要的病理生理过程：区域性 WAT 分布、脂肪细胞肥大和脂质周转。这些紊乱共同削弱了 WAT 的脂质储存能力，导致外周组织（如骨骼肌、肝脏和血管）发生异位脂肪沉积，最终导致 2 型糖尿病和心血管并发症。还讨论了治疗靶向功能失调的 WAT 的可能方法。
