PPGIa-Graduate Program in Computer Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Oct 27;20(21):6098. doi: 10.3390/s20216098.
The use of monitoring sensors is increasingly present in the context of precision agriculture. Usually, these sensor nodes (SNs) alternate their states between periods of activation and hibernation to reduce battery usage. When employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect data from SNs distributed over a large agricultural area, we must synchronize the UAV route with the activation period of each SN. In this article, we address the problem of optimizing the UAV path through all the SNs to reduce its flight time, while also maximizing the SNs' lifetime. Using the concept of timeslots for time base management combined with the idea of flight prohibition list, we propose an efficient algorithm for discovering and reconfiguring the activation time of the SNs. Experimental results were obtained through the development of our own simulator-UAV Simulator. These results demonstrate a considerable reduction in the distance traveled by the UAV and also in its flight time. In addition, the model provides a reduction in transmission time by SNs after reconfiguration, thus ensuring a longer lifetime for the SNs in the monitoring environment, as well as improving the freshness and continuity of the gathered data, which support the decision-making process.
监测传感器在精准农业领域的应用越来越广泛。通常，这些传感器节点（SNs）在激活和休眠状态之间交替，以减少电池的使用。当使用无人机（UAVs）从分布在大面积农业区域的 SN 收集数据时，我们必须将 UAV 路线与每个 SN 的激活周期同步。在本文中，我们通过优化 UAV 遍历所有 SN 的路径来减少飞行时间，同时最大限度地延长 SN 的寿命。我们使用时隙的概念来进行时间基管理，并结合飞行禁止列表的思想，提出了一种有效的发现和重新配置 SN 激活时间的算法。通过开发我们自己的模拟器-UAV Simulator，我们获得了实验结果。这些结果表明，UAV 的飞行距离和飞行时间都有了相当大的减少。此外，该模型通过重新配置后减少了 SN 的传输时间，从而确保了监测环境中 SN 的寿命更长，并且提高了收集数据的新鲜度和连续性，这支持了决策过程。
