Jasper D E, Boothby J T, Thomas C B
Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Isr J Med Sci. 1987 Jun;23(6):625-7.
Most bovine mastitis due to mycoplasmas is initiated by passage of mycoplasmas through the teat canal into the teat and gland cisterns. Within a few days, mycoplasma numbers increase to as much as 10(6) or 10(8), and the cows react with a strong inflammatory response. Alveolar epithelium undergoes degenerative changes and exudate replaces milk secretion. The interstitium between alveoli is invaded with lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and fibroblasts. The extent and duration of these changes vary greatly. In milder cases, they may be reversed within days or weeks with a return to normal or reduced milk production. Often, destruction and atrophy of alveoli are complete with extensive fibrosis throughout the udder. Milk ducts may undergo invasive and obliterative fibrosis. Cell-mediated responses are suppressed, while hypersensitivity is suspected of enhancing the adverse responses. Immunity in cows that recover is variable and of limited duration.
大多数由支原体引起的牛乳腺炎是由于支原体通过乳头管进入乳头和乳腺池而引发的。在几天内，支原体数量可增加至多达10⁶或10⁸，奶牛会产生强烈的炎症反应。肺泡上皮发生退行性变化，渗出物取代乳汁分泌。肺泡之间的间质被淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、浆细胞和成纤维细胞侵入。这些变化的程度和持续时间差异很大。在较轻的病例中，它们可能在数天或数周内逆转，产奶量恢复正常或减少。通常，肺泡的破坏和萎缩是完全的，整个乳房出现广泛的纤维化。乳管可能会发生侵袭性和闭塞性纤维化。细胞介导的反应受到抑制，而超敏反应被怀疑会增强不良反应。康复奶牛的免疫力各不相同且持续时间有限。
