Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Basílio Gama Street, Canela Campus, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-907, Brazil.
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, Emídio dos Santos Street, Barbalho Campus, Salvador, Bahia, 40301-015, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2020 Oct 29;16(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13002-020-00421-0.
Urban agriculture has been evidenced as a food production and environmental sustainability strategy, although it faces many obstacles in Latin American countries. Additionally, in urban areas, low consumption of fruit and greenery is noticeable, along with loss in food diversity, including the neglected and underutilized species (NUS), which involve potential to strengthen local food systems. For this reason, this work has sought to map urban gardens in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, characterizing their gardeners, and to systematize information regarding food produced and the use of NUS.
The municipality's urban gardens were mapped and data was collected from the gardeners. The study included two steps: (i) garden localization; (ii) on-site visits for interviews with gardeners and verification of cultivated food, destination of production, availability, and use of NUS.
Eighteen active food gardens were located, seventeen of which participated in the study: eight (8) communal (UCG) and nine (9) private (UPG). Respondents were on average 55.76 years old, mostly (52.9%) male, working at UPG (88.9%). Women predominated in the UCG (87.5%), with higher levels of education. For 52.9% of the interviewees, the garden was their main source of income. Food produced at the urban gardens was consumed by 82.4% of the gardeners and their families. In 70.6% of the gardens, production was also sold, while 47.1% donated. During the survey, 59 NUS were found and 76.5% of respondents reported consuming 19 of the species. NUS leaves, fruits, and seeds were found to be eaten raw, boiled, or sautéed in various preparations, especially Coleus amboinicus Lour. (76.5%), Eryngium foetidum L. (35.3%), Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss., and Pereskia aculeata Mill (both 29.4%). Occurrence and utilization of NUS did not present significant associations with the gardens or gardeners (p > 0.05).
Salvador urban gardens, even in small numbers and without government support, have produced affordable food for the local population, preserved food diversity, and the tradition of NUS cultivation and use. Thus, urban gardens are reaffirmed as relevant spaces that should be included in public policies in order to promote food and nutritional security, biodiversity, and urban environmental sustainability.
城市农业已被证明是一种粮食生产和环境可持续性战略，尽管它在拉丁美洲国家面临许多障碍。此外，在城市地区，水果和绿色植物的消费明显较低，同时食物多样性也有所减少，包括被忽视和未充分利用的物种（NUS），这些物种有可能加强当地的粮食系统。出于这个原因，这项工作旨在绘制巴西萨尔瓦多市的城市花园地图，描述其园丁，并系统地整理有关生产的食品和 NUS 使用的信息。
对该市的城市花园进行了绘图，并从园丁那里收集了数据。该研究包括两个步骤：（i）花园定位；（ii）现场访问，与园丁进行访谈并验证所种植的食物、生产的目的地、可用性和 NUS 的使用情况。
定位了 18 个活跃的食品花园，其中 17 个参与了研究：8 个公共（UCG）和 9 个私人（UPG）。受访者的平均年龄为 55.76 岁，大多数（52.9%）为男性，在 UPG（88.9%）工作。女性在 UCG（87.5%）中占主导地位，教育程度较高。对于 52.9%的受访者来说，花园是他们的主要收入来源。城市花园生产的食品有 82.4%被园丁及其家人消费。在 70.6%的花园中，生产的食品也出售，而 47.1%的花园则捐赠。在调查过程中，发现了 59 种 NUS，有 76.5%的受访者报告食用了其中的 19 种。NUS 的叶子、果实和种子被发现可以生吃、煮食或炒制，用于各种菜肴，尤其是 Coleus amboinicus Lour.（76.5%）、Eryngium foetidum L.（35.3%）、Talinum fruticosum（L.）Juss.和 Pereskia aculeata Mill（均为 29.4%）。NUS 的出现和利用与花园或园丁之间没有显著的关联（p > 0.05）。
萨尔瓦多的城市花园，即使数量较少且没有政府支持，也为当地居民提供了负担得起的食物，保留了食物的多样性，以及 NUS 种植和使用的传统。因此，城市花园再次被确认为相关空间，应纳入公共政策，以促进粮食和营养安全、生物多样性和城市环境的可持续性。
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