Lamba Perola, Nam Ki Heon, Contractor Jigar, Kim Aram
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Box 331, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Colloege of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
Prim Care. 2020 Dec;47(4):615-629. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.08.003. Epub 2020 Sep 25.
Nephritic syndrome is a constellation of hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and in some cases acute kidney injury and fluid retention characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis. Infection-related glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis are the most common diseases in nephritic syndrome that primary care physicians might encounter in practice such that a solid comprehension of these can lead to earlier detection. This article describes the pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, treatment, and disease progression of these nephritic syndrome entities, and provides guidance for when to refer to a nephrologist.
肾炎综合征是血尿、蛋白尿、高血压的组合，在某些情况下还包括急性肾损伤和液体潴留，这些是急性肾小球肾炎的特征。感染相关性肾小球肾炎、IgA肾病、狼疮性肾炎、膜增生性肾小球肾炎和抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎是初级保健医生在实践中可能遇到的肾炎综合征中最常见的疾病，因此对这些疾病有扎实的理解有助于早期发现。本文描述了这些肾炎综合征实体的病理生理学、发病率、临床表现、治疗和疾病进展，并为何时转诊至肾病科医生提供指导。
