State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25;762:143126. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143126. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
To investigate the characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in household dust in urban and rural areas during heating and non-heating period in 2016-2017, 762 dust samples and 381 questionnaires from 381 households were collected from Dalian, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Shanghai, Wuhan, and Chengdu in China. The results indicated that Dalian was the most polluted city, while Shanghai and Chengdu were the least polluted cities during the study period. Longer ventilation times led to higher concentrations of heavy metals, and the weighting of heating duration exceeded that of heating type. Soil was the dominant contributor to household dust for Hg, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As, whereas Pb primarily originated from traffic. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with heavy metals in household dust were acceptable, with ingestion being the primary exposure route. The risk of adverse health effects caused by heavy metal intake via household dust in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, and increased during household heating period. Ingestion was the most significant route leading to adverse health effects due to heavy metals in household dust. The exception was the carcinogenic risk associated with Ni, which is known to enter the human body mainly via inhalation.
为了研究 2016-2017 年采暖期和非采暖期城乡家庭灰尘中重金属的特征和健康风险，采集了中国大连、太原、兰州、上海、武汉和成都 381 户家庭的 762 个灰尘样本和 381 份问卷。结果表明，在研究期间，大连是污染最严重的城市，而上海和成都则是污染最轻的城市。通风时间越长，重金属浓度越高，采暖时间的权重超过采暖类型。土壤是家庭灰尘中 Hg、Ni、Cu、Zn 和 As 的主要来源，而 Pb 主要来自交通。家庭灰尘中重金属的非致癌和致癌风险是可以接受的，摄入是主要的暴露途径。与农村地区相比，城市地区由于家庭灰尘中重金属摄入而导致不良健康影响的风险更高，并且在家庭采暖期间会增加。摄入是导致家庭灰尘中重金属对健康产生不良影响的最重要途径。但 Ni 引起的致癌风险除外，众所周知，Ni 主要通过吸入进入人体。
