Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Feb;126(2):143-151. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.011. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
To review the latest discoveries regarding the role of tuft cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis and asthma.
Reviews and primary research manuscripts were identified from PubMed, Google, and bioRxiv using the search words airway epithelium, nasal polyposis, CRS or asthma and chemoreceptor cell, solitary chemosensory cell, brush cell, microvillus cell, and tuft cell.
Studies were selected on the basis of novelty and likely relevance to the functions of tuft cells in chronic inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower airways.
Tuft cells coordinate a variety of immune responses throughout the body. After the activation of bitter-taste receptors, tuft cells coordinate the secretion of antimicrobial products by adjacent epithelial cells and initiate the calcium-dependent release of acetylcholine resulting in neurogenic inflammation, including mast cell degranulation and plasma extravasation. Tuft cells are also the dominant source of interleukin-25 and a significant source of cysteinyl leukotrienes that play a role in initiating inflammatory processes in the airway. Tuft cells have also been found to seem de novo in the distal airway after a viral infection, implicating these cells in dysplastic remodeling in the distal lung in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Tuft cells bridge innate and adaptive immunes responses and play an upstream role in initiating type 2 inflammation in the upper and possibly the lower airway. The role of tuft cells in respiratory pathophysiology must be further investigated, because tuft cells are putative high-value therapeutic targets for novel therapeutics in CRS with nasal polyps and asthma.
综述最新发现，探讨微绒毛细胞在伴鼻息肉和哮喘的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）发病机制中的作用。
通过在 PubMed、Google 和 bioRxiv 上使用“气道上皮、鼻息肉、CRS 或哮喘和化学感受器细胞、孤立化学感觉细胞、刷状细胞、微绒毛细胞和微绒毛细胞”等关键词搜索，检索了相关综述和原始研究文献。
基于新颖性和对上下气道慢性炎症性疾病中微绒毛细胞功能的相关性，选择了研究。
微绒毛细胞协调全身多种免疫反应。在苦味受体激活后，微绒毛细胞协调相邻上皮细胞分泌抗菌产物，并启动钙依赖性乙酰胆碱释放，导致神经源性炎症，包括肥大细胞脱颗粒和血浆外渗。微绒毛细胞也是白细胞介素-25 的主要来源，也是半胱氨酰白三烯的重要来源，在气道炎症的启动中起作用。在病毒感染后，也在远端气道中发现新出现的微绒毛细胞，提示这些细胞在哮喘发病机制中的远端肺部发育不良重塑中起作用。
微绒毛细胞连接先天和适应性免疫反应，并在上呼吸道中发挥启动 2 型炎症的上游作用。微绒毛细胞在呼吸病理生理学中的作用必须进一步研究，因为微绒毛细胞是治疗伴鼻息肉和哮喘的 CRS 的新型治疗方法的潜在高价值治疗靶点。
