2018 年西班牙各地区病假描述性研究：数据库研究。

Descriptive study of sickness absence in Spanish regions in 2018: database study.

机构信息

Medical Unit, National Institute of Social Security, Malaga, Medical Inspector, Spain.

Director of Coordination of Medical Units, National Institute of Social Security, Madrid, Chief Medical Inspector, Spain.

出版信息

BMJ Open. 2020 Oct 30;10(10):e038239. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038239.

DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038239

PMID:33127632

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7604840/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To provide a wide and thorough description of sickness absence (SA) in Spain, focussing on the different regions of the country and the main characteristics of SA.

METHODS

A study of the SA spells in Spain, managed by the medical units of the National Institute of Social Security in 2018. The geographical scope of this observational study is the regions (Autonomous Community). Incidence, prevalence, and average duration SA in employees and self-employed are described. The study also describes the differences between non-work-related SA and work-related SA. In age and sex variables, the incidence and the average duration are described. The average duration by Diagnostic Chapters (International Classification of Diseases, 10 Revision (ICD-10)) and the highest number of SA spells by occupational activity and diagnosis are analysed.

RESULTS

A total of 540 045 SA spells are analysed by non-work-related SA and 63 441 by work-related SA. The national average prevalence in non-work-related SA spells is 32.98/1000 among employed and 30.48/1000 among self-employed; in work-related SA spells, the prevalence is 3.99/1000. The national incidence in non-work-related SA spells is 24.8/1000 for employees and 9.51/1000 for self-employed workers; in work-related SA spells the incidence is 3.55/1000. The average duration is 58.67 days, with the longest duration being neoplasms and the shortest corresponding to infectious disease. The Community of Madrid shows the lowest prevalence, incidence and average duration in work-related SA. Influenza is the diagnosis that generates the largest number of SA spells. Activities of call centres and temporary employment agency activities are the occupations that have the highest number of SA spells.

CONCLUSIONS

The biggest differences are found in the incidence and average duration, between the non-work-related SA spells and work-related SA. If those characteristics of the SA in which a region is more in deficit are known, it will be possible to do better management of the SA.

摘要

目的

全面深入地描述西班牙的病假（SA）情况，重点关注该国不同地区和 SA 的主要特征。

方法

这是一项针对西班牙 2018 年国家社会保障研究所医疗单位管理的 SA 期的研究。本观察性研究的地理范围是各个地区（自治区）。描述了员工和个体经营者的 SA 发生率、患病率和平均持续时间。该研究还描述了非工作相关 SA 与工作相关 SA 之间的差异。在年龄和性别变量方面，描述了发病率和平均持续时间。按诊断章节（国际疾病分类，第 10 次修订版（ICD-10））和职业活动和诊断的最高 SA 期数分析平均持续时间。

结果

共分析了 540045 例非工作相关 SA 和 63441 例工作相关 SA。非工作相关 SA 期的全国平均患病率在员工中为 32.98/1000，在个体经营者中为 30.48/1000；在工作相关 SA 期，患病率为 3.99/1000。非工作相关 SA 期的全国发病率在员工中为 24.8/1000，在个体经营者中为 9.51/1000；在工作相关 SA 期，发病率为 3.55/1000。平均持续时间为 58.67 天，最长的是肿瘤，最短的是传染病。马德里自治区在工作相关 SA 中显示出最低的患病率、发病率和平均持续时间。流感是导致 SA 期数最多的诊断。呼叫中心和临时就业机构活动是缺勤人数最多的职业。