G Benavides Fernando, Zaballa Elena, Duran Xavier, Sanchez-Niubo Victòria, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David
CISAL-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor. 2017;20(1):14-25. doi: 10.12961/aprl.2017.20.1.03.
The management of sickness absence due to non-work-related diseases in Spain has typically focused on the control of its duration. The goal of this study was to provide estimates for the incidence of sickness absence due to nonwork-related diseases by economic activity to help shift the focus of management of sickness absence towards prevention.
Retrospective study based on 646,337 workers and 133,812 episodes of sickness absence started in 2009, from the Working Continuous Life Sample. Incidence rate and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Poisson regression models, crude and adjusted for age, company size, and occupational category, separately for men and women.
The overall incidence rate was 29.8 per 100 person-years; 24.7 (95%CI: 24.5-24.9) in men and 36.3 (36.0- 36.5) in women. By economic activity, the highest crude incidence rates in men were found in "Water supply, sanitation and wastes" (35.4) and "Health activities" (33.9); for women, "Health activities" (48.3), "Public administration" (41.2) and "Transportation and storage" (41.0) were the highest sectors.
Companies can compare their sickness absence incidence rates to these benchmark values to determine if they are within the expected reference range, which may guide management decisions more towards the prevention of sickness absence.
在西班牙，因非工作相关疾病导致的病假管理通常侧重于对病假时长的控制。本研究的目的是按经济活动类型提供因非工作相关疾病导致的病假发生率估计值，以帮助将病假管理的重点转向预防。
基于工作连续生活样本，对646337名工人和2009年开始的133812次病假事件进行回顾性研究。使用泊松回归模型计算发病率及其95%置信区间（CI），分别对男性和女性按年龄、公司规模和职业类别进行粗算和调整。
总体发病率为每100人年29.8例；男性为24.7例（95%CI：24.5 - 24.9），女性为36.3例（36.0 - 36.5）。按经济活动类型来看，男性中粗发病率最高的是“供水、卫生和废物处理”（35.4）和“卫生活动”（33.9）；女性中，“卫生活动”（48.3）、“公共管理”（41.2）和“运输和仓储”（41.0）是发病率最高的行业。
公司可以将其病假发生率与这些基准值进行比较，以确定是否在预期参考范围内，这可能会使管理决策更多地朝着预防病假的方向发展。
