Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Jan;68(1):e28785. doi: 10.1002/pbc.28785. Epub 2020 Oct 31.
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic agent with excellent analgesic properties and a favorable safety profile. The feasibility and efficacy of various routes of administration have been established, including intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), oral, intranasal, rectal, and transdermal routes. The advent of newer anesthetic agents has led to a decline in the use of ketamine as an anesthetic, but its utility in short-term sedation and analgesia has expanded. Its value for chronic pain management in children with cancer is being increasingly recognized but requires more evidence. The use of topical ketamine is largely in investigational stages. Medical use of ketamine is, to a great extent, free from significant long-term neurological side effects. The objective of this review is to provide a brief account of the pharmacology of ketamine and primarily focus on the clinical applications of ketamine in pediatric oncology.
氯胺酮是一种具有良好镇痛作用和安全特性的分离麻醉剂。其各种给药途径的可行性和疗效已经得到证实，包括静脉（IV）、肌肉内（IM）、口服、鼻内、直肠和经皮途径。新型麻醉剂的出现导致氯胺酮作为麻醉剂的使用减少，但它在短期镇静和镇痛方面的应用有所扩大。其在癌症儿童慢性疼痛管理中的价值越来越得到认可，但需要更多证据。局部氯胺酮的使用在很大程度上仍处于研究阶段。氯胺酮的医学用途在很大程度上没有明显的长期神经副作用。本综述的目的是简要介绍氯胺酮的药理学，并主要关注氯胺酮在儿科肿瘤学中的临床应用。
