Wilhelm M P, Edson R S
Division of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1987 Nov;62(11):1025-31. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65076-9.
Urinary tract infections are commonly encountered in clinical practice and are usually readily treatable. Although many antimicrobial agents that have been available for some time remain effective in the eradication of bacteriuria, the recent introduction of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin represents an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium. The efficacy of single-dose therapy with antimicrobial agents such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or amoxicillin has been shown to be similar to that with conventional (7- to 10-day) treatment in women with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. The long-term administration of agents such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or nitrofurantoin in low doses is usually effective for suppression or prophylaxis of recurrent bacteriuria.
尿路感染在临床实践中很常见，通常易于治疗。虽然许多已使用一段时间的抗菌药物在根除菌尿方面仍然有效，但最近引入的氟喹诺酮类药物诺氟沙星是治疗药物库中的一项重要补充。已证明，对于单纯性下尿路感染的女性，使用甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑或阿莫西林等抗菌药物进行单剂量治疗的疗效与传统（7至10天）治疗相似。长期低剂量使用甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑或呋喃妥因等药物通常对抑制或预防复发性菌尿有效。
