Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
Environmental Healthcare Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2021 Mar;71:105372. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105372. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
The ingestion of contaminated hay is detrimental to livestock wellbeing. In this study, the feasibility of using an ultrasonically activated stream (UAS) to clean bacterial contamination from hay was investigated. Hay samples were stained with SYTO-9 nucleic acid stain for the in-situ visualization of microbes on the surface using an episcopic differential interference contrast microscope coupled with epi-fluorescence. The total microbial load per sample was calculated by measuring the mean percentage area of SYTO-9 positive staining. The cleaning efficacy was evaluated by comparing the total microbial coverage before and after cleaning. The cleaning performance between an UAS and a non UAS were compared and results have shown that an exposure of 60 s to an UAS demonstrated an 87.94 ± 2.22% removal of the bacterial contaminants, exceeding that of non UAS (21.85 ± 13.63% removal). UAS is capable of removing bacterial contaminants without the use of antimicrobial agents, therefore its cleaning mechanism can potentially prevent infection and reduce antimicrobial resistance. The cleaning mechanism of UAS can be adapted for the development of a new hay cleaning strategy for effective removal of bacterial contaminant to improve feed safety.
受污染的干草摄入会损害牲畜的健康。在这项研究中，研究了使用超声激活流（UAS）从干草中清除细菌污染的可行性。使用配有落射荧光的相差微分干涉对比显微镜，通过 SYTO-9 核酸染色原位可视化表面上的微生物，对干草样品进行染色。通过测量 SYTO-9 阳性染色的平均百分比面积来计算每个样品的总微生物负荷。通过比较清洁前后的总微生物覆盖率来评估清洁效果。比较了 UAS 和非 UAS 之间的清洁性能，结果表明，暴露于 UAS 60 秒可去除 87.94%±2.22%的细菌污染物，超过非 UAS（去除 21.85%±13.63%）。UAS 能够在不使用抗菌剂的情况下去除细菌污染物，因此其清洁机制可能有助于预防感染和减少抗菌药物耐药性。UAS 的清洁机制可以适应新的干草清洁策略的开发，以有效去除细菌污染物，提高饲料安全性。
