Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, C.P. 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jan 15;278(Pt 2):111534. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111534. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
Pork production has expanded in the world in recent years. This growth has caused a significant increase in waste from this industry, especially of wastewater. Although there has been an increase in wastewater treatment, there is a lack of useful technologies for the treatment of wastewater from the pork industry. Swine farms generate high amounts of organic pollution, with large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus with final destination into water bodies. Sadly, little attention has been devoted to animal wastes, which are currently treated in simple systems, such as stabilization ponds or just discharged to the environment without previous treatment. This uncontrolled release of swine wastewater is a major cause of eutrophication processes. Among the possible treatments, phyco-remediation seems to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly option of removing compounds from wastewater such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and some metal ions. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of treating swine wastewater using different microalgae species. Nevertheless, the practicability of applying this procedure at pilot-scale has not been explored before as an integrated process. This work presents an overview of the technological applications of microalgae for the treatment of wastewater from swine farms and the by-products (pigments, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins) and services of commercial interest (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, biogas) generated during this process. Furthermore, the environmental benefits while applying microalgae technologies are discussed.
近年来，全球猪肉产量有所增长。这一增长导致该行业的废物大量增加，尤其是废水。尽管废水处理有所增加，但对于猪肉行业的废水处理，仍然缺乏有用的技术。养猪场产生大量的有机污染，其中含有大量的氮和磷，最终会进入水体。可悲的是，人们对动物粪便的关注很少，目前这些粪便只是在简单的系统中处理，例如稳定塘，或者未经处理就直接排放到环境中。这种对养猪废水的不受控制的排放是富营养化过程的一个主要原因。在可能的处理方法中，藻修复似乎是一种可持续且环保的选择，可以去除废水中的化合物，如氮、磷和一些金属离子。多项研究已经证明了使用不同的微藻物种处理养猪废水的可行性。然而，在此之前，作为一个集成过程，将此程序应用于中试规模的实用性尚未得到探索。本文概述了微藻在处理养猪场废水和副产物（色素、多糖、脂质、蛋白质）方面的技术应用，以及在此过程中产生的具有商业价值的服务（生物柴油、生物氢、生物电能、沼气）。此外，还讨论了应用微藻技术带来的环境效益。
