Xu Xiaocong, Ou Jinpei, Liu Penghua, Liu Xiaoping, Zhang Honghui
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25;762:143096. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143096. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
In response to carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, numerous studies have investigated the link between CO emissions and urban structures, and pursued low-carbon development from the standpoint of urban spatial planning. However, most of previous efforts only focused on urban structures in term of two-dimensional space, whereas the vertical influence of urban buildings (three-dimensional space) plays an important role in CO emissions. To address this issue, we took the cities in mainland China as study case to quantitatively explore how the three-dimensional urban structure affects CO emissions. First, we collected the city-level CO emission data from a greenhouse gas emission dataset released by the China City Greenhouse Gas Working Group. Then, a series of spatial metrics were established to quantify three-dimensional urban structures based on urban building data derived from Baidu Map. On the strength of the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model, an extended approach and ridge regression analysis were finally utilized to investigate the consequences of three-dimensional urban structures on CO emissions at the city level. The results indicate that the total building volume is the largest driving force accelerating CO emissions due to the massive consumption of energies for human activities during rapid urbanization. Besides, urban buildings with taller height and large heat dissipation area also have significant positive effects on promoting CO emissions. Although a compact coverage of urban buildings at a two-dimensional scale contributes to the reduction of CO emissions, urban structure characterized by an intense and congested pattern in three-dimensional space can lead to more CO emissions because of the adverse impacts from surrounding environment and traffic congestion. Additionally, an irregular pattern of three-dimensional urban structure would help reduce CO emissions to some extent. Such study results highlight the importance of urban planning for the development of a low-carbon city, and suggest the compact patterns of three-dimensional urban structures should be controlled within a reasonable range to avoid more CO emissions caused by excessive centralization and aggregation.
针对二氧化碳（CO）排放问题，众多研究探讨了CO排放与城市结构之间的联系，并从城市空间规划的角度寻求低碳发展。然而，以往的大多数研究仅关注二维空间层面的城市结构，而城市建筑的垂直影响（三维空间）在CO排放中起着重要作用。为解决这一问题，我们以中国大陆的城市为研究案例，定量探究三维城市结构如何影响CO排放。首先，我们从中国城市温室气体工作组发布的温室气体排放数据集中收集了城市层面的CO排放数据。然后，基于百度地图获取的城市建筑数据，建立了一系列空间指标来量化三维城市结构。最后，借助随机人口、富裕度和技术影响（STIRPAT）模型，采用扩展方法和岭回归分析来研究城市层面三维城市结构对CO排放的影响。结果表明，由于快速城市化进程中人类活动对能源的大量消耗，建筑总体积是加速CO排放的最大驱动力。此外，高度较高且散热面积大的城市建筑对促进CO排放也有显著的正向影响。虽然二维尺度上城市建筑的紧凑布局有助于减少CO排放，但三维空间中密集拥堵模式的城市结构会因周边环境和交通拥堵的不利影响导致更多CO排放。此外，三维城市结构的不规则模式在一定程度上有助于减少CO排放。这些研究结果凸显了城市规划对低碳城市发展的重要性，并表明应将三维城市结构的紧凑模式控制在合理范围内，以避免过度集中和聚集导致更多CO排放。
