State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2021 Mar;116:103912. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103912. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Echinoderms are important marine organisms that live in a wide range from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. Members of this phylum are prone to dramatic population fluctuations that may trigger dramatic shifts in ecosystem structure. Despite the extremely complex nature of the marine environment, the immune systems of echinoderms induce a complex innate immune response to prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. Previous studies showed that many echinoderm disease outbreaks were associated with specific bacteria, whereas recent scientific investigations using newly developed technologies revealed the amazing diversity of viruses in seawater. Viruses are potential pathogens of several infectious diseases of marine echinoderms. We reviewed the discovery of viruses in echinoderms and discussed the relationship between viruses and diseases for the first time. We further summarized the research progress of the potential immune-related genes and signal pathways induced by viruses and poly (I:C). Additionally, numbers of studies showed that active substances extracted from echinoderms, or the compounds synthesized from these substances, have significant antihuman virus ability. This result suggests that the active substances derived from echinoderms provide potential antiviral protection for the organism, which may provide future research directions for the antiviral immunity of echinoderms. Thus, this review also collected information on the antiviral activities of biologically active substances from echinoderms, which may pave the way for new trends in antiviral immunity for echinoderms and antiviral drugs in humans.
棘皮动物是一类重要的海洋生物，广泛分布于潮间带至深海区。该门动物的种群波动剧烈，可能引发生态系统结构的剧烈变化。尽管海洋环境极其复杂，但棘皮动物的免疫系统能诱导针对原核生物和真核生物病原体的复杂固有免疫反应。先前的研究表明，许多棘皮动物疾病的爆发与特定细菌有关，而最近利用新技术进行的科学研究揭示了海水中病毒的惊人多样性。病毒是几种海洋棘皮动物传染性疾病的潜在病原体。我们首次综述了棘皮动物中病毒的发现，并讨论了病毒与疾病之间的关系。我们进一步总结了病毒和聚肌胞诱导的潜在免疫相关基因和信号通路的研究进展。此外，大量研究表明，从棘皮动物中提取的活性物质或由这些物质合成的化合物对人类病毒具有显著的抑制作用。这一结果表明，棘皮动物来源的活性物质为机体提供了潜在的抗病毒保护，这可能为棘皮动物的抗病毒免疫和人类抗病毒药物的研究提供新的方向。因此，本综述还收集了来自棘皮动物的具有生物活性物质的抗病毒活性信息，为棘皮动物的抗病毒免疫和人类抗病毒药物开辟了新的研究方向。
