Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 4P3, Canada.
Mol Immunol. 2010 Oct;47(16):2525-36. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.06.009. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
Teleost fish represent a transition point on the phylogenetic spectrum between invertebrates that depend only on innate immunity and mammals that heavily depend on adaptive immunity. The major mechanisms of the teleost fish innate immune response are suggested to be similar to mammals, although fine details of the process require further studies. Within the innate immune response the type I interferon (IFN) system is an essential innate antiviral component that protects fish from some virus infections. The current progress of cloning and functional characterization of fish antiviral genes is promising in further elucidation of the fish antiviral response. The adaptive immune system of fish utilizes cellular components more or less similar to mammals. Teleost fish produce IgM as a primary antibody response and lack isotype switching to mount virus-specific antibodies during the infection process. Despite this, the development of successful fish rhabdoviral vaccines suggest that vaccination may prove to be an effective way of promoting fish adaptive immune responses to viruses. This paper reviews the bony fish antiviral response with specific discussion on the evolutionary mechanisms that allow aquatic viruses to co-exist with their host. Detailed aspects of the teleost type I IFN system are also addressed.
硬骨鱼类在进化谱系上是无脊椎动物和哺乳动物之间的过渡点，无脊椎动物仅依赖先天免疫，而哺乳动物则严重依赖适应性免疫。硬骨鱼类先天免疫反应的主要机制被认为与哺乳动物相似，尽管该过程的细节需要进一步研究。在先天免疫反应中，I 型干扰素（IFN）系统是一种重要的先天抗病毒成分，可保护鱼类免受某些病毒感染。目前克隆和功能表征鱼类抗病毒基因的进展有望进一步阐明鱼类抗病毒反应。鱼类的适应性免疫系统利用的细胞成分或多或少与哺乳动物相似。硬骨鱼类产生 IgM 作为主要抗体反应，并且在感染过程中缺乏同种型转换以产生针对病毒的特异性抗体。尽管如此，成功开发鱼类弹状病毒疫苗表明，接种疫苗可能被证明是促进鱼类对病毒产生适应性免疫反应的有效方法。本文综述了硬骨鱼类的抗病毒反应，并特别讨论了允许水生病毒与其宿主共存的进化机制。还详细介绍了硬骨鱼类 I 型 IFN 系统的各个方面。
