UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 123 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8WD, United Kingdom.
UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 123 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8WD, United Kingdom.
J Dent. 2020 Dec;103:103504. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103504. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of gingival display on perceived smile aesthetics and to compare aesthetic gingival display preference amongst dental professionals and lay people.
This cross-sectional study was based on the analysis of quantitative data collected via questionnaires. Two sets of digitally altered smile images with variations of gingival amount and architecture displays were produced. Ranking order scale was used to record aesthetic preferences, from the most attractive to the least attractive.
There were 124 respondents (60 lay people, 32 general dentists [GDPs] and 32 orthodontists). Average smile line, tangent to the zeniths of maxillary anterior teeth, was found to be the most attractive gingival amount (53.2%, χ = 144.15, p < 0.045) amongst lay people, GDPs and orthodontists. High smile line was ranked as the least attractive amount amongst all respondents (88.7%, χ = 359.37 p < 0.002). Class III gingival outline, where all gingival levels are symmetrical and in line, was found as the most attractive gingival architecture (65.3%, χ = 10.87 p < 0.001).
No particular amount of gingival display is universally perceived as attractive although high smile lines are generally disliked. Class III gingival architecture is the most preferred gingival archetype when excessive amount of maxillary gingiva is exposed.
A general acceptance to smile line variations demonstrates that the harmony amongst all smile components is more important than merely focusing on a single ideal smile constituent. However, when designing the smile with an inherent high lip line, a Class III gingival architecture might be more preferable since it reduces the negative impact of excessive gingival display.
本研究旨在探讨牙龈显露对微笑美观感知的影响，并比较口腔专业人员和非专业人士对美学牙龈显露的偏好。
本横断面研究基于通过问卷收集的定量数据分析。制作了两组数字化改变的微笑图像，分别显示不同的牙龈量和牙槽嵴形态。采用等级排序量表记录从最吸引人到最不吸引人的美学偏好。
共有 124 名受访者（60 名非专业人士、32 名普通牙医和 32 名正畸医生）。平均笑线（与上颌前牙牙尖的顶点相切）被认为是最吸引人的牙龈量（53.2%，χ=144.15，p<0.045），无论是在非专业人士、普通牙医还是正畸医生中都是如此。高笑线被评为所有受访者中最不吸引人的牙龈量（88.7%，χ=359.37，p<0.002）。所有牙龈水平对称且一致的 III 类牙龈轮廓被认为是最吸引人的牙龈形态（65.3%，χ=10.87，p<0.001）。
尽管高笑线通常不受欢迎，但并没有特定的牙龈显露量被普遍认为是有吸引力的。当暴露过多的上颌牙龈时，III 类牙龈形态是最受欢迎的牙龈原型。
对笑线变化的普遍接受表明，所有微笑成分之间的和谐比仅仅关注单一理想的微笑成分更为重要。然而，当设计固有高唇线的微笑时，III 类牙龈形态可能更为可取，因为它可以减少过多牙龈显露的负面影响。
