Faniband Moosa H, Norén Erika, Littorin Margareta, Lindh Christian H
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Jan;231:113657. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113657. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
Glyphosate (GLY), N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It is a broad-spectrum herbicide, also used in crop desiccation. Agricultural workers may be occupationally exposed and general populations may be exposed to GLY mainly through diet. We studied the kinetics of GLY by measuring the parent compound and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in urine samples of three volunteers after an experimental oral exposure. We further examined GLY exposure by measuring GLY and AMPA in spot urine samples of 197 young adults in the general population in Scania, southern Sweden. Urine samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. In the experimental exposure, three healthy volunteers received an oral dose equivalent to 50% of the ADI for GLY. Urinary samples were collected up to 100 h after the exposure. The excretion of GLY to urine seemed to follow first-order kinetics and a two-phase excretion. The excretion half-life of GLY (density adjusted) was 6-9 h in the rapid phase and 18-33 h in the slower phase. The total dose recovered as unchanged GLY in the urine samples of volunteers was 1-6%. The metabolite AMPA was found to be 0.01-0.04% of the total dose of GLY. In the population of young adults, the median concentration was below 0.1 μg/L and a maximum concentration being 3.39 μg/L (density adjusted). AMPA was generally detected in lower concentrations (maximum = 0.99 μg/L). A moderate correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.56) was observed between GLY and AMPA concentrations. Overall, the results may suggest that GLY and AMPA partly originate from separate exposures and that unchanged GLY is a more suitable biomarker of exposure.
草甘膦（GLY），即N-（膦酰基甲基）甘氨酸，是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂。它是一种广谱除草剂，也用于作物干燥处理。农业工人可能会职业性接触草甘膦，普通人群则主要通过饮食接触。我们通过测量三名志愿者在实验性口服接触后尿液样本中的母体化合物及其代谢物氨甲基膦酸（AMPA），研究了草甘膦的动力学。我们还通过测量瑞典南部斯科讷地区197名年轻成年人随机尿样中的草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸，进一步检测了草甘膦暴露情况。尿液样本采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）进行分析。在实验性接触中，三名健康志愿者口服了相当于草甘膦每日允许摄入量（ADI）50%的剂量。接触后长达100小时收集尿液样本。草甘膦向尿液中的排泄似乎遵循一级动力学和两相排泄。草甘膦（密度校正后）在快速相的排泄半衰期为6 - 9小时，在较慢相为18 - 33小时。志愿者尿液样本中以未变化草甘膦形式回收的总剂量为1% - 6%。发现代谢物AMPA占草甘膦总剂量的0.01% - 0.04%。在年轻成年人人群中，中位数浓度低于0.1μg/L，最高浓度为3.39μg/L（密度校正）。AMPA的检测浓度通常较低（最高 = 0.99μg/L）。草甘膦和AMPA浓度之间观察到中等程度的相关性（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数ρ = 0.56）。总体而言，结果可能表明草甘膦和AMPA部分源自不同的暴露途径，且未变化的草甘膦是更合适的暴露生物标志物。
