Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
Oncology. 2021;99(3):135-143. doi: 10.1159/000510944. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
According to the 2018 GLOBOCAN database, colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. During the last decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the complex pathogenetic mechanisms involved in this neoplastic disease. Due to the need to improve treatment responses and clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer patients, the identification of new molecular biomarkers became a crucial spot in clinical oncology. As biological indicators of a specific pathological or physiological process, molecular markers play a central role in cancer detection, diagnosis, outcome prediction, and treatment choice. Considering the existing evidence that malignancies originating from distinct colonic regions behave differently, it is clear that specific biomarkers can be associated to right- or left-sided colon carcinomas, reflecting the distinct molecular signatures of these different tumor entities. The aim of this review is to summarize the main differences among tumors arising from proximal and distal colon in terms of current and emerging biomarkers.
根据 2018 年 GLOBOCAN 数据库，结直肠癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。在过去的几十年中，人们在理解这种肿瘤性疾病涉及的复杂发病机制方面取得了相当大的进展。由于需要提高结直肠癌患者的治疗反应和临床结果，因此确定新的分子生物标志物成为临床肿瘤学的一个关键领域。作为特定病理或生理过程的生物指标，分子标志物在癌症检测、诊断、预后预测和治疗选择中起着核心作用。鉴于现有证据表明起源于不同结肠区域的恶性肿瘤表现不同，显然可以将特定的生物标志物与右或左侧结肠癌相关联，反映这些不同肿瘤实体的不同分子特征。本综述的目的是总结近端和远端结肠癌在当前和新兴生物标志物方面的主要差异。
