Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2020 Dec;25(4):351-366. doi: 10.1007/s10911-020-09465-0. Epub 2020 Nov 1.
The use of mouse derived mammary organoids can provide a unique strategy to study mammary gland development across a normal life cycle, as well as offering insights into how malignancies form and progress. Substantial cellular and epigenomic changes are triggered in response to pregnancy hormones, a reaction that engages molecular and cellular changes that transform the mammary epithelial cells into "milk producing machines". Such epigenomic alterations remain stable in post-involution mammary epithelial cells and control the reactivation of gene transcription in response to re-exposure to pregnancy hormones. Thus, a system that tightly controls exposure to pregnancy hormones, epigenomic alterations, and activation of transcription will allow for a better understanding of such molecular switches. Here, we describe the characterization of ex vivo cultures to mimic the response of mammary organoid cultures to pregnancy hormones and to understand gene regulation and epigenomic reprogramming on consecutive hormone exposure. Our findings suggest that this system yields similar epigenetic modifications to those reported in vivo, thus representing a suitable model to closely track epigenomic rearrangement and define unknown players of pregnancy-induced development.
使用源自小鼠的乳腺类器官可以提供一种独特的策略来研究整个正常生命周期中的乳腺发育,以及深入了解恶性肿瘤是如何形成和进展的。妊娠激素会引发大量的细胞和表观遗传变化,这种反应涉及到分子和细胞的变化,将乳腺上皮细胞转化为“产奶机器”。这种表观遗传改变在乳腺上皮细胞的静止期后仍然稳定,并控制着在重新暴露于妊娠激素时基因转录的重新激活。因此,一种能够严格控制妊娠激素暴露、表观遗传改变和转录激活的系统将有助于更好地理解这种分子开关。在这里,我们描述了对体外培养物的特征进行了描述,以模拟乳腺类器官培养物对妊娠激素的反应,并了解连续激素暴露时的基因调控和表观遗传重编程。我们的研究结果表明,该系统产生的表观遗传修饰与体内报道的相似,因此代表了一种合适的模型,可以密切跟踪表观遗传重排,并确定妊娠诱导发育的未知参与者。
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