Frigout Jérôme, Degrenne Olivier, Delafontaine Arnaud
I3SP Laboratory, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
LIRTES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.
Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 2;11:567668. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567668. eCollection 2020.
Karate is known to enhance cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, and self-regulation and to contribute to an overall behavior rehabilitation process. However, few data are available on the impact of practicing karate in adult prison inmates. The main objective of this research was to evaluate aggressive behavior, comparing prison inmates and club practitioners during karate practice. The level of aggressiveness was rated by observers during defined elements and training situations in karate classes held in France. Data were collected during 77 observations of 75 prison inmates (55 male and 20 female) in a prison setting, and 188 observations of 117 club practitioners (80 male and 37 female) in a club setting over a period of 26 months. Licit aggressiveness was graded by observers during launched actions, , and bows, and the practice level (belts) was also considered. Interrater reliability of the observational measure was highly acceptable (Cohen κ = 1). Comparisons between female and male prison inmates and club practitioners were made using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney -test for independent samples. The results revealed that a higher level of aggressiveness was observed in both male and female club practitioners during launched actions and than in prison inmate practitioners ( < 0.001, small effect size). However, prison inmates (of both genders) showed a higher level of aggressiveness during bows ( < 0.001, medium effect size). While the analyses showed no significant differences between genders, the level of karate practice was associated with distinct changes. Significant differences in observed aggressiveness were present only in beginners and in those with a low level of karate practice, whereas no differences in aggressiveness between prison or club practitioners were observed during karate practice in those with a high level of karate practice (black belt). However, these results must be interpreted with caution as there was no way to control the multiple factors that might also affect inmate behaviors in a correctional setting. We suggest that karate practice in prison may positively contribute to interactional behaviors.
众所周知,空手道能增强认知功能、改善情绪健康和自我调节能力,并有助于整体行为康复过程。然而,关于成年监狱囚犯练习空手道的影响,现有数据很少。本研究的主要目的是评估攻击性行为,比较监狱囚犯和俱乐部练习者在空手道练习期间的情况。在法国举办的空手道课程中,由观察员在规定的动作和训练场景中对攻击水平进行评级。在26个月的时间里,在监狱环境中对75名监狱囚犯(55名男性和20名女性)进行了77次观察,并在俱乐部环境中对117名俱乐部练习者(80名男性和37名女性)进行了188次观察,收集了相关数据。观察员在发起动作、行礼时对合法攻击行为进行评分,同时也考虑了练习水平(腰带等级)。观察测量的评分者间信度非常可接受(科恩κ系数=1)。使用独立样本的非参数曼-惠特尼U检验对女性和男性监狱囚犯及俱乐部练习者进行比较。结果显示,在发起动作和行礼时,男性和女性俱乐部练习者的攻击水平均高于监狱囚犯练习者(P<0.001,小效应量)。然而,监狱囚犯(无论男女)在行礼时表现出更高的攻击水平(P<0.001,中等效应量)。虽然分析显示性别之间没有显著差异,但空手道练习水平与不同的变化有关。观察到的攻击性行为的显著差异仅存在于初学者和空手道练习水平较低的人当中,而在空手道练习水平较高(黑带)的人中,监狱或俱乐部练习者在空手道练习期间的攻击性行为没有差异。然而,这些结果必须谨慎解释,因为无法控制可能也会影响惩教环境中囚犯行为的多种因素。我们建议在监狱中练习空手道可能对互动行为有积极贡献。